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Nova abordagem para deteção das subespécies de Photobacterium damselae

Authors: Mascarenhas, Soraia Andreia Coelho;

Nova abordagem para deteção das subespécies de Photobacterium damselae

Abstract

Em todo o mundo, os recursos para pesca encontram-se próximos dos limites de exploração sustentável. A prática de aquacultura é uma atividade que veio ajudar a contornar o esgotamento dos recursos pesqueiros, sendo hoje em dia responsável por contribuir com cerca de metade do fornecimento de peixe para consumo humano mundial. No entanto, a aquacultura é propícia ao aparecimento de surtos de doenças causadas por agentes patogénicos bacterianos. Estes geralmente têm um impacto nefasto nos sistemas de cultivo causando muitas vezes elevadas taxas de mortalidade e consequentes perdas económicas. Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae e Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, são dois agentes patogénicos a que iremos dar especial atenção neste trabalho, uma vez que são responsáveis por provocar elevadas taxas de mortalidade em sistemas de aquacultura. Estas são caracterizadas por evidenciar uma difícil distinção entre si, apesar de apresentarem diferenças fenotípicas marcantes. Hoje em dia, recorre-se a inúmeras técnicas moleculares para o diagnóstico de doenças em aquacultura, pelo que, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a utilização dessas técnicas para deteção das duas subespécies de P. damselae, através da utilização do gene ToxR como marcador filogenético. Para o efeito, inicialmente testou-se a utilização da técnica de amplificação molecular LAMP (Loop mediated isothermal amplification), caracterizada como sendo uma técnica isotérmica inovadora, de baixo custo e que apresenta elevada sensibilidade e especificidade. No entanto, ao longo deste estudo, não foram obtidos resultados de amplificação positivos, o que conduziu a uma mudança de abordagem. A deteção das duas subespécies em estudo só foi possível através da técnica de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), sendo a análise e visualização dos fragmentos amplificados realizada através das técnicas de eletroforese em gel de agarose e eletroforese em gel de gradiente desnaturante (DGGE). Os primers utilizados amplificaram fragmentos com cerca de 300 pb e a análise dos fragmentos obtidos por DGGE revelou que foi possível a distinção das duas subespécies. Foi também possível a sua deteção e distinção em amostras ambientais reais provenientes de sistemas de aquacultura.

Worldwide, fishing resources are close to the limits for sustainable exploitation. The aquaculture is an activity helping to circumvent the natural resource depletion, contributing currently with half of the fish supply for human consumption. However, this activity is propitious to diseases outbreaks caused by bacterial fish pathogens that usually have a harmful impact on cultivation systems, and often cause high mortality rates and consequent economic losses. Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida are the two bacterial subspecies that we will give special attention in this work. They are responsible for high mortality rates in aquaculture systems. These subspecies are difficult to distinguish, despite having strong phenotypic differences. Nowadays, numerous molecular amplification techniques are available for the diagnosis of diseases in aquaculture. Therefore the aim of this study was to detect the two subspecies of P. damselae through the amplification of ToxR gene sequences (phylogenetic marker). For this purpose, we initially tested the use of the molecular amplification technique loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), characterized as a novel low-cost isothermal technique, with high sensitivity and specificity. However, throughout this study, no positive results were achieved, leading to technical changes for development of an effective DNA-based detection of P. damselae subspecies. The detection of the two subspecies was achieved by development of a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for these pathogens in combination with a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). As expected, the used primers amplified fragments of about 300bp and the DGGE analysis achieved the distinction between the two subspecies. Their detection and distinction was also achieved in environmental samples from aquaculture systems.

Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Industrial e Ambiental

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Electroforese em gel, Gene ToxR, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, PCR, LAMP, Agentes patogénicos bacterianos, Aquacultura, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, Bactérias patogénicas, DGGE, Biotecnologia ambiental, Desenho de Primers, Eletroforese em gel de agarose

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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