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Engineering hexuronic acid catabolism

Authors: Dantas, Hugo Miguel Campelo;

Engineering hexuronic acid catabolism

Abstract

A engenharia metabólica é uma área emergente que visa o aperfeiçoamento de vias metabólicas para produção de compostos valiosos. A produção mundial de casca de frutos cítricos é estimada em 15,000,000 de toneladas por ano, e o seu descarte causa problemas ambientais. O principal constituinte da casca de frutos cítricos é o ácido D-galacturónico. O objetivo deste projeto é converter o ácido D-galacturónico noutros químicos proveitosos, utilizando para tal bolores geneticamente modificados. Aspergillus niger foi escolhido por ser naturalmente um bom consumidor do ácido Dgalacturónico e produtor das enzimas necessárias à hidrólise de casca de frutos cítricos. No presente trabalho, estirpes de Aspergillus niger foram geneticamente modificados onde (i) o gene gaaB que codifica para a L-galactonato desidratase foi deletado (ΔgaaB) e (ii) o gene gaaB foi deletado e o gene gaaA que codifica para a D-galacturonato reductase se encontrava sobreexpresso (ΔgaaB-gaaA). Estas estirpes foram utilizadas para fermentação submersa e em estado sólido para converter casca de laranja em L-galactonato num processo consolidado. As estirpes foram capazes de converter, até 87 %, de ácido D-galacturónico em L-galactonato por fermentação em estado sólido. Outra via metabólica estudada foi a via eucariota do ácido glucurónico. Nesta via metabólica é uma descarboxilase que converte o 3-ceto-L-gulonato em Lxilulose. A reação ainda não está claramente caracterizada e o gene não é conhecido. Um teste enzimático acoplado foi realizado de forma a testar a sua atividade. Neste ensaio o ácido L-gulónico é o substrato inicial, uma Lgulonato- 3-desidrogenase NAD-dependente (GDH) que produz o substrato para a descarboxilase. A L-xilulose reductase é então detetada por uma Lxilulose reductase NADPH-dependente de Aspergillus niger (lxrA). Para seguir a reação, o NADPH foi monitorizado a 340 nm. Para evitar a interferência do NADH que também absorve a 340 nm, Tio-NAD+ foi usado para a desidrogenase. GDH e lxrA ativas foram preparadas e o ensaio testado com precipitados sulfato de amónio de extrato de fígado bovino. A atividade da 3-ceto-Lgulonato descarboxilase não foi detetada.

Metabolic engineering is an emerging field targeted to the improvement of pathways for the production of high-value compounds. Citrus peel is produced at an estimated 15,000,000 t per year worldwide and its disposal causes environmental problems. The main constituent of citrus peel is D-galacturonic acid. The aim of this project is to convert D-galacturonic acid to useful chemicals using genetically engineered moulds. Aspergillus niger was chosen since it is naturally a good consumer of D-galacturonic acid and produces the enzymes required for citrus peel hydrolysis. In the present study, engineered Aspergillus niger strains were used where (i) the gaaB coding for L-galactonate dehydrogenase was deleted (ΔgaaB) and (ii) the gaaB was deleted and the gaaA coding for D-galacturonate reductase was overexpressed (ΔgaaB-gaaA). These strains were used for solid-state and submerged state fermentation to convert orange peel to L-galactonate in a consolidate process. The strains were able to convert up to 87 % of Dgalacturonic acid to L-galactonate by solid-state fermentation. Another pathway that was studied was the eukaryotic D-Glucuronic acid pathway. In this pathway is a ddecarboxylase that converts 3-keto-L-gulonate to L-xylulose. The reaction is poorly characterized and the gene not known. It was tried to assay this activity in a coupled enzyme assay. In this assay Lgulonic acid is the initial substrate, an NAD-dependent L-gulonate-3-dehydrogenase (GDH) that produces the substrate for the decarboxylase. Lxylulose reductase is then detected by an NADPH-dependent L-xylulose reductase from Aspergillus niger (lxrA). To follow the reaction NADPH was monitored at 340 nm. To avoid the interference of NADH that also absorbs at 340 nm Thio-NAD+ was used for the dehydrogenase. Active GDH and lxrA were prepared and the assay tested with ammonium sulfate precipitates from bovine liver extract. A 3-keto-L-gulonate decarboxylase activity could not be detected.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Metabolismo vegetal, Fermentação, Galactose, Monossacarídeos, Microbiologia - Teses de mestrado, Fungos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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