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Membranas à base de celulose bacteriana para pilhas de combustível

Authors: Gadim, Tiago Daniel Oliveira;

Membranas à base de celulose bacteriana para pilhas de combustível

Abstract

O presente trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de uma nova geração de eletrólitos poliméricos de origem renovável baseados em celulose bacteriana com funcionalização ácida, para aplicação em pilhas de combustível. Mantas de celulose produzidas em laboratório pela bactéria Gluconacetobacter sacchari, são utilizadas para no seu seio polimerizar o ácido poli (4-estireno sulfónico) na sua forma ácida, deste modo conferindo elevada condução protónica à membrana. O polímero é estabilizado na nanoestrutura celulósica por reticulação. As propriedades físico-químicas desta nova geração de membranas foram avaliadas por várias técnicas, nomeadamente a análise termogravimétrica, a difração de raios-X, a espetroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, tendo também sido medidas as capacidades de troca iónica e de absorção de água. A microestrutura foi analisada por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento. Finalmente, a condutividade protónica dos eletrólitos foi avaliada por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica em diferentes condições de temperatura e de humidade relativa. Os resultados mostram que estas membranas são termicamente estáveis até 165 °C, mantendo uma concentração de grupos ácido que varia de 1,8 a 2,3 mmol[H+]g-1, dependendo da quantidade de agente reticulante incorporado (entre 10 e 40% da massa de monómero). Estes valores são claramente superiores aos referenciados para os polímeros comerciais Nafion® (1 mmol[H+].g-1) e Aquivion® (1,2 mmol[H+].g-1). A condutividade protónica a 94 °C varia entre 1,410-3 S.cm-1 para uma humidade relativa de 30% e 1,110-1 S.cm-1 a 98%, valores comparáveis ou mesmo superiores aos obtidos com os materiais comerciais de referência, sendo uma indicação clara do potencial das membranas desenvolvidas neste trabalho para aplicação como eletrólitos em pilhas de combustível.

This study aims to develop a new generation of renewable polymeric electrolytes based on bacterial cellulose with acid functionalization, for application in fuel cells. The selected bacterial cellulose is produced by bacteria in laboratory Gluconacetobacter sacchari, within which poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid) is polymerized in its acid form, thus giving a high proton conducting membrane. The polymer is stabilized by crosslinking inside the cellulose nanostructure. The physicochemical properties of this new generation membranes were evaluated by various techniques, including thermo-gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and also by measurements of the ion exchange capacity and water absorption capacity. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the proton conductivity of the electrolyte was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at different conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The results show that these membranes are thermally stable up to 165 °C, maintaining a concentration of acid ranging from 1.8 to 2.3 mmol [H+].g-1 depending on the amount of crosslinking agent incorporated (between 10 and 40% of the mass of monomer used). These values are substantially higher than those cited for the commercial polymers Nafion® (1 mmol [H+].g-1) and Aquivion ® (1.2 mmol [H+].g-1). The proton conductivity at 94 °C ranges between 1.410-3 S.cm-1 at a relative humidity of 30% and 1.110-1 S.cm-1 at 98%, values comparable or even higher than those obtained with the mentioned commercial references, being a clear indication of the potential of the membranes developed here for use as electrolytes in fuel cells.

Mestrado em Engenharia de Materiais

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Engenharia de materiais, Electrólitos poliméricos, Celulose, Pilhas de combustível

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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