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Radiação e saúde : ensino numa perspectiva CTS

Authors: Alves, Carla Maria Dias;

Radiação e saúde : ensino numa perspectiva CTS

Abstract

Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem no tema Radiações. O ensino das áreas das ciências tendo em atenção as relações que a Ciência estabelece com a Tecnologia e a Sociedade é importante na perspectiva dos professores, porque lhes permite transmitir aos alunos uma visão equilibrada sobre os benefícios e os problemas criados pelos avanços científicos. Este aspecto da educação em ciência é especialmente importante no caso das Radiações pois, como se sabe, estas fazem surgir fortes sentimentos, que não se fundamentam muitas vezes em dados concretos. As Radiações, para além de constituírem uma componente fundamental do conhecimento científico, assumem um papel de destaque em diversos aspectos da vida quotidiana, assim sendo considera-se indispensável que todos os cidadãos tenham um nível adequado de conhecimento científico, capaz de se repercutir em competência para usar esses conhecimentos em ambientes não escolares, seja no acompanhamento de descobertas científicas, na compreensão de argumentos usados nas controvérsias sobre a sua aplicação, seja ainda como consumidor ou a nível profissional. Neste estudo procurou-se encontrar estratégias para ensinar o tema Radiações de modo a que os alunos fiquem não só elucidados sobre os perigos potenciais das mesmas, mas também que tenham consciência de que estas podem ser utilizadas de modo seguro. Assim, grande parte desta dissertação é dedicada à exploração da natureza dos problemas detectados na aprendizagem sobre radiações. Foram realizadas investigações que analisaram esta questão sob vários ângulos, tendo em conta as opiniões de peritos em radiação, textos sobre radiações nas notícias e nos manuais escolares e as concepções alternativas dos alunos antes e após o ensino formal a nível do ensino secundário. Os resultados obtidos, neste estudo, levam a recomendações sobre os contextos e conteúdos a serem leccionados sobre o tema Radiações, de modo a promover nos alunos uma avaliação criteriosa sobre as aplicações destas e a um aumento do conhecimento, por parte dos professores, sobre as concepções alternativas dos alunos. Com base nas implicações dos resultados obtidos são propostas estratégias de intervenção.

This dissertation presents a study that deals with the teaching and learning of Radiations. Teaching science areas with focus on the relations that Science establishes with Technology and Society, is important in the teachers’ perspective because it allows them to provide the pupils, with a balanced understanding of the benefits and the problems that scientific progresses bring. This aspect of science education is especially important in the case of Radiations because they raise strong beliefs that aren’t always based on solid evidence. Radiations, not only constitute a fundamental component of the scientific knowledge, but also assume an important role in several aspects of daily life. Therefore this makes their understanding indispensable to all citizens, in order to provide them with an appropriate level of scientific knowledge capable of becoming competent to use this knowledge outside school, either in following scientific discoveries, in understanding controversial issues about their applications, as a consumer or in a professional level. In this study it is tried to find strategies to teach the theme Radiations with the aim of making students aware, not only of the potential dangers of the radiations, but also that they can be used in a safe way. Thus, a great part of this dissertation is dedicated to exploring the nature of problems detected while learning about radiations. Investigations that analysed this matter under several perspectives were carried out, taking into account the opinions of radiation experts, texts about radiation topics in the news and in school textbooks, and students' alternative conceptions before and after formal teaching in the secondary level. The results show that we must have some precautions about contexts and contents selected for teaching the theme Radiations in order to promote thoughtful evaluation of their applications and to a deeper knowledge of students' alternative conceptions. The implications of the results led to the proposals of new intervention strategies.

Mestrado em Ensino da Física e da Química

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ensino das ciências - Teses de mestrado, Ensino da física - Ensino secundário - Portugal, Ensino da química - Ensino secundário - Portugal, Educação para a saúde

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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