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Marine cyanobacteria: evaluation of the anticancer potential

Authors: Ribeiro, Maria João Xavier;

Marine cyanobacteria: evaluation of the anticancer potential

Abstract

Durante as últimas décadas, as cianobactérias têm ganho importância devido à sua capacidade de sintetizar metabolitos secundários com actividade biológica, úteis no tratamento de inúmeras doenças, tal como o cancro. A caracterização dos metabolitos secundários com aplicações farmacológicas tem sido maioritariamente feita com cianobactérias filamentosas marinhas, do género Lyngbya, Microcoleus e Symploca, recolhidas em áreas tropicais. Contudo, a investigação em cianobactérias marinhas que ocorrem em baixas densidades e em regiões temperadas, como a costa Portuguesa, tem sido largamente negligenciada. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objectivo avaliar o potencial anticancerígeno de cianobactérias isoladas da costa Portuguesa e mantidas no laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Genómica e Evolução do Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Porto. Cinco estirpes de cianobactérias pertencentes aos géneros Cyanobium, Leptolyngbya, Romeria e Synechocystis, LEGE06098 (Cyanobium sp.), LEGE06113 (Cyanobium sp.), LEGE06102 (Leptolyngbya cf. halophila), LEGE06013 (Romeria sp.) e LEGE06155 (Synechocystis salina), foram cultivadas em condições laboratoriais. A partir da biomassa liofilizada foi obtido um extracto bruto usando metanol e diclorometano, o qual foi posteriormente fraccionado usando hexano, acetato de etilo e metanol, originando as fracções A, B e C, respectivamente, de forma a separar compostos com polaridades crescentes. Com o extracto bruto e as fracções foram realizados ensaios de citotoxicidade em quatro linhagens humanas tumorais: osteosarcoma (MG63), adenocardinoma de cólon (RKO e HT29) e neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y). A citotoxicidade foi avaliada através da redução do bromide 3-(4,5-dimetil-tiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil-tetrazolio (MTT) e do ensaio da lactato desidrogenase (LDH). A ocorrência de Apoptose/Necrose foi investigada pelo método de exclusão dos corantes, usando Iodeto de Propídeo e Hoechst 33342. De entre o extracto bruto e as fracções preparadas de cada estirpe de cianobactérias, a fracção com a maior percentagem de acetato de etilo, fracção B, revelou uma maior percentagem de inibição das células tumorais, sendo, portanto, promissora relativamente ao isolamento de compostos bioactivos. De entre as estirpes de cianobactérias incluídas no estudo, a estirpe Synechocystis salina, LEGE06155, revelou ser a mais interessante para o isolamento de potenciais compostos bioactivos.

In the last few decades, cyanobacteria have gained significant importance due to their ability to synthesize secondary metabolites with biological activity, useful in the treatment of a role of diseases, such as cancer. Characterization of bioactive metabolites with pharmacological applications has mainly been performed with marine filamentous cyanobacteria of the genera Lyngbya, Microcoleus and Symploca collected in tropical areas. However, the research on marine cyanobacteria that occur in low densities in temperate regions such as the Portuguese coast has been largely overlooked. In this work we aimed to assess the anticancer potential of marine cyanobacteria isolated from the Portuguese coast. Five cyanobacteria strains from the genera Cyanobium, Leptolyngbya, Romeria and Synechocystis, LEGE06098 (Cyanobium sp.) and LEGE06113 (Cyanobium sp.), LEGE06102 (Leptolyngbya cf. halophila), LEGE06013 (Romeria sp.), and LEGE06155 (Synechocystis salina), respectively, were cultivated under laboratory conditions. From freeze dried biomass a crude extract was obtained using methanol and dichloromethane and fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, yielding fractions A, B and C with increasing polarity. The crude extract and the fractions were tested for cytotoxicity in four human tumor cell lines: osteosarcoma (MG63), colon adenocarcinoma (RKO and HT29) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y). Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the reduction of the bromide 3-(4,5-dimetil-tiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil-tetrazolio (MTT) and the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Apoptosis/Necrosis was investigated by the dye exclusion method, using both Propidum Iodide and Hoechst 33342. Among the crude extract and prepared fractions, the fraction containing the higher percentage of ethyl acetate, fraction B, from each cyanobacteria strain revealed the highest percentage of inhibition of tumor cells growth, and is, therefore, promising in terms of isolation of bioactive compounds. Among the cyanobacteria strains, the Synechocystis salina strain, LEGE06155, revealed to be an interesting strain for the isolation of bioactive compounds.

Mestrado em Biotecnologia Molecular

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Citotoxicidade, Apoptose, Compostos bioactivos, Agentes anticancerígenos, Biotecnologia molecular, Microbiologia marinha, Cianobactérias

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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