The authors present monographic data as regards causes, epidemiology, patomechanism and treatment of otitis media with effusion. The attention is paid to connections between this pathology and acute, recurrent otitis media and chronic eustachian tube insufficiency. The authors underline occult onset, asymptomatic and chronic character of this disease, irreversible consequences and hearing impairment. Among treatment methods the most effective seemed to be the surgery one: adenotomy with simultaneous tympanostomy. The authors give the schedule of management of otitis media with effusion and indications to ventilation tube insertion.