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Rehabilitación en Enfermedad de Parkinson

Authors: Monterroso Cardona, María Beatriz;

Rehabilitación en Enfermedad de Parkinson

Abstract

La enfermedad de Parkinson es el trastorno de movimiento más frecuente y la segunda enfermedad neurodegenerativa más común después de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Es conocida desde hace más de 200 años, cuando James Parkinson la describió por primera vez en 1817; desde entonces numerosos autores han hecho aportes en lo que respecta a la enfermedad. La etiología exacta se desconoce, pero se cree es secundaria a una serie de factores de riesgo genéticos y ambientales. Afecta predominantemente a la población adulta mayor con una prevalencia estimada de 1,0% en personas mayores de 60 años y 3,0% en personas mayores de 80 años. Se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas motores, pero también existe una amplia gama de síntomas no motores que pueden presentarse incluso años antes de las manifestaciones motoras. El diagnóstico es clínico basado en el reconocimiento de los síntomas motores cardinales en conjunto con una serie de criterios que sustentan o descartan el diagnóstico. Si bien es cierto que existen modalidades de tratamiento farmacológico y quirúrgico, ninguno de estos ha evidenciado ser una cura definitiva y conforme avanza la enfermedad la respuesta al tratamiento va disminuyendo y asociando efectos adversos resultando en una enfermedad incapacitante para la mayoría de los pacientes. Por esto, la rehabilitación temprana centrada en el paciente por medio de un abordaje multi e interdisciplinario se vuelve una modalidad importante para mejorar tanto síntomas motores y no motores y así preservar la independencia funcional y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Lo que hace necesario la incorporación de este abordaje integral en los diferentes niveles de atención clínica a través de la aplicación de un protocolo centrado en el paciente sugerido en este documento.

Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. It has been known for more than 200 years, when James Parkinson first described it in 1817; since then, numerous authors have made contributions regarding the disease. The exact etiology is unknown, but it is believed to be secondary to a series of genetic and environmental risk factors. It predominantly affects the older adult population with an estimated prevalence of 1.0% in people over 60 years old and 3.0% in people over 80 years old. It is characterized by the presence of motor symptoms, but there is also a wide range of non-motor symptoms that can present even years before the motor manifestations. The diagnosis is clinical based on the recognition of the cardinal motor symptoms in conjunction with a series of criteria that support or rule out the diagnosis. Although it is true that there are pharmacological and surgical treatment modalities, none of these has proven to be a definitive cure and as the disease progresses, the response to treatment decreases and associates adverse effects, resulting in a disabling disease for most patients. For this reason, early patient-centered rehabilitation through a multi- and interdisciplinary approach becomes an important modality to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms and thus preserve the functional independence and quality of life of patients. This makes it necessary to incorporate this comprehensive approach at the different levels of clinical care through the application of a patient-centered protocol suggested in this document.

UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Especialidad en Geriatría y Gerontología

Country
Costa Rica
Related Organizations
Keywords

Adulto Mayor, Rehabilitación, Enfermedad de Parkinson, Terapia de Enfermedad de Parkinson, ANCIANO, Terapia no Farmacológica en Enfermedad de Parkinson, GERONTOLOGÍA, Abordaje en Enfermedad de Parkinson, Ejercicio, REHABILITACIÓN MÉDICA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green