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Revisión de tema: Manejo actual de la escoliosis y cifosis en pacientes con mielomeningocele

Authors: Alpízar Jiménez, Ana Victoria;

Revisión de tema: Manejo actual de la escoliosis y cifosis en pacientes con mielomeningocele

Abstract

El mielomeningocele (MMC) o la espina bífida abierta se define como un defecto del tubo neural abierto con una protrusión dorsal de los elementos nerviosos. La etiología del mielomeningocele es multifactorial y heterogénea. El diagnóstico y control prenatal tienen un efecto significativo en la preparación y toma de decisiones en los casos de mielomeningocele. El cierre temprano del defecto es una parte importante del manejo moderno de los niños nacidos con mielomeningocele. Se requiere una derivación de líquido cefalorraquídeo por asociar hidrocefalia en 80 % de los pacientes con mielomeningocele . La malformación del Arnold-Chiari tipo II es una anomalía frecuente en estos pacientes. La deformidad de la columna vertebral es común es los pacientes con mielomeningocele. Las deformidades vertebrales más comunes son la escoliosis y la cifosis. La escoliosis se desarrolla con el paso de los años, como resultado del desbalance de la musculatura toracolumbar vertebral y posturas anormales. Los objetivos del tratamiento son preservar la función respiratoria, mantener el balance al sentarse, lograr la máxima altura del tronco, y estabilizar el tronco. La historia natural de la escoliosis en pacientes con mielomeningocele que no fue tratada resultará en progresión de la deformidad con una alta tasa de deterioro en comparación con la escoliosis idiopática. El tratamiento definitivo de la escoliosis en el mielomeningocele es la fusión espinal. Toda la curva debe ser incluida en la fusión. Distalmente la fusión debe de extenderse articulación lumbosacra cuando hay oblicuidad pélvica y en pacientes que no deambulan. La combinación de la fusión anterior y posterior se ha recomendado porque solo realizar la fusión posterior se asocia a alta tasa de pseudoartrosis. Las complicaciones más comunes con la infección, pérdida de la corrección y la pseudoartrosis.

Myelomeningocele, or spina bifida aperta is defined as a dorsally protruding open neural tube defect. The etiology of myelomeningocele is multifactorial and heterogeneous. Prenatal diagnosis and counseling have a significant effect on the preparation and decisionmaking process in cases of myelomeningocele. Early postnatal closure of the defect remains an important part of the modern management of children born with myelomeningocele. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting for hydrocephalus is required in approximately 80 % of infants born with myelomeningocele. Chiari II malformation is frequentanomaly in these patients. Deformity of the spine is common in patients with myelomeningocele. The most commonly spinal deformities are scoliosis and kyphosis. Scoliotic deformities typically develop over years as a result of imbalance of the spinal musculature and abnormal posture. The purposes of treatment are preservation of respiratory function, maintenance of sitting stability, achievement of maximal trunk length, and stabilization of the trunk. The natural history of untreated scoliosis in myelomeningocele results in progression of the deformity progression, with a high rate of deterioration than in idiopathic scoliosis The definitive treatment of scoliosis in the myelomeningocele patient is spinal fusion. The entire curve must be included in the fusion. Distally, the fusion should extend to include the lumbosacral joint if there is pelvic obliquity and in patiente that do not walk. Combined ventral and dorsal spinal fusions have been recommended because dorsal fusion alone can result in a high rate of pseudarthroses. The most common complications are infection, loss of correction, and pseudarthrosis.

UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Salud::Especialidad en Ortopedia y Traumatología

Country
Costa Rica
Related Organizations
Keywords

Cifosis, Escoliosis, Mielomeningocele (MMC), Ortopedia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green