
handle: 10669/29128
Desde los puntos de vista bioquímico y farmacológico, las miotoxinas aisladas de venenos de serpientes se ubican en cuatro grupos: (1) Fosfolipasas A miotóxicas, (2) miotoxinas básicas de bajo peso molecular, (3) cardiotoxinas de venenos elapídeos y (4) miotoxinas hemorrágicas. Las fosfolipasas miotóxicas notexinam taipoxina, crotoxina y miotoxina de Bothrops asper afectan inicialmente la integridad de la membrana plasmática, induciéndose un influjo de calcio que culmina con la muerte celular. Las miotoxinas básicas de bajo peso molecular crotamina y miotoxina a actúan específicamente en los canales de sodio del sarcolema, induciendo un influjo de sodio que trae como consecuencia despolarización y contracción muscular y vacuolización del retículo sarcoplásmico. Las cardiotoxinas son polipéptidos básicos capaces de desorganizar la estructura de las membranas, siendo su acción miotóxica una consecuencia de la alteración drástica que las mismas inducen en el sarcolema del músculo esquelético. Finalmente, dos componentes hemorrágicos (toxina hemorrágica b y viriditoxina) poseen actividad miotóxica, habiendose sugerido que este efecto es una consecuencia de la isquemia tisular resultante de la acción hemorrágica de estos componentes (AU)
Biochemically and pharmacologically, myotoxins isolated from snake venoms can be placed in four main groups: myolaxic phospholipases A, low molecular weight basic toxins, cardiotoxins, and hemorrhagic myotoxins. The myotoxic phospholipascs A notexin, taipoxin, crotoxin, and Bothrops asper myotoxin induce muscle necrosis by first affecting the integrity of the plasma membrane, thereby inducing a calcium influx that culminates in cell death. The small basic myotoxin crotamine acts on the voltage-sensitive sodium channels of skeletal muscle sarcolemma, inducing a sodium influx which is responsible for depolarization and contraction of skeletal muscle, as well as for vacuolization of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cardiotoxins are basic membrane-active polypeptides that disorganize the structure of membranes; the myotoxic activity of cardiotoxins results from their ability to disrupt skeletal muscle sarcolemma. Finally, two hemorrhagic toxins (hemorrhagic toxin b and viriditoxin) are myotoxic; apparently, they induce myonecrosis secondarily to ischemia which develops in muscular tissue as a consequence of the hemorrhagic action of these toxins.
UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP)
Universidad de Costa Rica
Necrosis, Serpientes, Naphthols, Veneno de Animales
Necrosis, Serpientes, Naphthols, Veneno de Animales
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