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Fig wasps: mechanisms of pollen transfer in Malvanthera and Pharmacosycea figs (Moraceae)

Authors: Ramírez B., William; Malavasi, Jollyanna;

Fig wasps: mechanisms of pollen transfer in Malvanthera and Pharmacosycea figs (Moraceae)

Abstract

Pollination of the pistillate fig flowers (Ficus spp.) has crucial effects for the figs and the pollinating wasps (Agaonidae). It a1lows nonnal development, of seeds and wasps. Sorne agaonid groups have evolved pockets and corbiculae to carry pollen, wlúle others carry it in the intersegmental membranes and other hidden areas of the body. Single female specimens of Pleistodontes rieki Wiebes, Robertsia mandibularis Boucek, Tetrapus americanus Mayr and Tetrapus sp., the first two from New Guinea and theTetrapus spp. from Costa Rica were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Sorne Pleistodontes species (Old World) have pollen cavities in the expanded scapes; theyalso carry pollen in the ridges and laminae of the mandib1es. Tetrapus species (New World) carry pollen in cavities located behind the mandibular appendages and in the lamellae, ridges and teeth of the mandibles. These ways of carrying pollen may be intennediate between pollen transport in the intersegmental membranes, and in pockets or corbiculae. The evolution of such mechanisms may preserve pollen from desiccation. These structures may have similar functions to the pollinium of sorne plants that are a1so pollinated by specific insects. It is suggested that sorne fig wasps that become dusted with poli en in the syconia where they develop, and remove most of it once outside, fill up the "spurÍous" pockets, and other elaborate pollen-carrying structures outside the syconia. Abundant pollen grains were also found among the mouth parts of Robertsia mandibularis (Sycoecinae) a non-pollinating fig wasp.

La polinización de las flores pistiladas de los higos (Ficus spp.) tiene efectos positivos para los siconos y sus polinizadores agaónidos: pennite el desarrollo nonnal de semillas y de las avispas; especialmente, el de las hembras. Algunas avispas polinizadoras de los higos evolucionaron sacos y corbículas poleníferos, mientras que otras . llevan el polen en las membranas intersegmentales y otras áreas escondidas del cuerpo .. Se infonna que algunas especies de avispas Pleistodontes (Viejo Mundo) poseen cavidades para acarrear polen en los escapos y en los bordes y láminas mandibulares. Las avispas Tetrapus acarrean polen en cavidades localizadas detrás de los ápendices mandibulares y en los dientes y láminas de esos ápendices. Las formas de llevar pollen descritos parecen ser intermedios entre el transporte de polen en las membranas intersegmentales y aquella en sacos y corbículas. La evolución de cavidades, sacos y corbículas para llevar polen en los polinizadores de los higos parece ser mecanismos que evitan que los granos de polen se sequen cuando las avispas están buscando siconos receptivos para ovipositar, estas estructuras pueden tener función similares a aquellas de las políneas de algunos otros grupos de plantas. Abundantes granos de polen se encontraron también entre las piel1liS bucales de Robertsia mandibularis (Sycoecinae), una avispa que no es polinizadora.

Country
Costa Rica
Related Organizations
Keywords

agaonidae, pollination, ficus, fig wasps, ultrastructure

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citations
The total number of citations received by all articles of the researcher of interest.
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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