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Repositorio Documental UMNG
Bachelor thesis . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
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Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos para la formulación de un biofertilizante

Authors: Martinez Perez, Nicolas Felipe;

Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos para la formulación de un biofertilizante

Abstract

Resumen .....................................................................................................................................11 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................12 Introducción ..............................................................................................................................13 Planteamiento del problema ............................................................................................. 17 Objetivos .....................................................................................................................................18 Justificación .............................................................................................................................. 19 Alcance o Delimitación...........................................................................................................21 Antecedentes ............................................................................................................................22 Metodología .............................................................................................................................28 Obtención de las muestras .................................................................................................28 Diseño experimental .............................................................................................................28 Caracterización fisicoquímica de los residuos y el biofertilizante .......................29 Determinación de nitrógeno en los residuos y el biofertilizante .........................29 Caracterización microbiológica de los residuos y el biofertilizante ....................30 Prueba presuntiva para confirmar presencia de coliformes totales ...................30 Detección simultánea de bacterias coliformes y Escherichia.coli ........................30 Cuantificación de huevos de Helminto ..........................................................................31 Aplicación del biofertilizante en cultivo de Raphanus Sativus .............................31 Medición de crecimiento vegetal ....................................................................................32 Resultados ................................................................................................................................33 Caracterización fisicoquímica del biosólido, la pulpa de café y el biofertilizante...... 33 Determinación de nitrógeno en los residuos y el biofertilizante .................................... 36 Caracterización microbiológica de los residuos y el biofertilizante ............................... 39 Prueba Presuntiva para confirmar presencia de coliformes totales en los tratamientos...........................................................................................................................................41 Detección simultánea de bacterias coliformes y E. coli .......................................................41 Cuantificación huevos de Helminto .............................................................................................43 Medición de crecimiento vegetal .................................................................................................44 Conclusiones ........................................................................................................................................46 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................................47

Este estudio evaluó la formulación de un biofertilizante a partir de biosólidos y pulpa de café como alternativa sostenible para reducir el uso de fertilizantes químicos. Se diseñaron tres tratamientos con diferentes proporciones de biosólidos y pulpa de café (50:50, 30:70 y 20:80), sometidos a un proceso de fermentación y posterior estabilización con cal viva. Se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica y microbiológica del biofertilizante, analizando parámetros como humedad, contenido de cenizas, pH, conductividad eléctrica y concentración de proteínas. Además, se evaluó la reducción de coliformes totales y huevos de helminto para garantizar la seguridad del producto final. El biofertilizante se aplicó a un cultivo de Raphanus sativus (rábano) en condiciones de invernadero. Se evaluaron parámetros de crecimiento vegetal, incluyendo el número de hojas, grosor y desarrollo del bulbo. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento con una proporción 50:50 de biosólidos y pulpa de café, mejora las condiciones para el desarrollo vegetal. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, la combinación de biosólidos y pulpa de café representa una alternativa viable para el aprovechamiento de residuos agroindustriales y contribuye a prácticas de agricultura sostenible.

This study evaluated the formulation of a biofertilizer from biosolids and coffee pulp as a sustainable alternative to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Three treatments with different biosolid-to-coffee-pulp ratios (50:50, 30:70, and 20:80) were designed, subjected to a fermentation process, and subsequently stabilized with quicklime. The physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the biofertilizer included the analysis of moisture content, ash content, pH, electrical conductivity, and protein concentration. Additionally, the reduction of total coliforms and helminth eggs was assessed to ensure the safety of the final product. The biofertilizer was applied to a Raphanus sativus (radish) crop under greenhouse conditions, evaluating plant growth parameters such as leaf number, bulb diameter, and overall development. The results indicated that the 50:50 biosolid-to-coffee-pulp treatment provided the most favorable conditions for plant growth. These findings suggest that the combination of biosolids and coffee pulp represents a viable strategy for agro-industrial waste valorization while contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.

Pregrado

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Agricultura sostenible, helmint, pulpa de café, coffee pulp, biosolids, Escherichia coli, Sustainable agriculture, Raphanus sativus, biosólidos, helminto

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average