
handle: 10654/33428
The contribution of shale gas extraction to energy sustainability has been evaluated independently regardless of its relation with water security and its impacts on water sources. For this reason, in the present investigation, we carried out an analysis of these impacts through a bibliographical review of national and international references. Although the analysis made suggests two fundamental aspects: 1) impacts on the water resource associated to the quantity and quality of this and 2) seismic effects or induced seismicity, this research focuses mainly on the first. The results of this review demonstrate a growing increase in research on the impact of fracking; however, it was found that there are deficiencies in the use of numerical models to quantify the environmental effects. Also, the results show that the consumption associated with hydraulic stimulation does not seem to be significant compared to typical uses in other economic practices such as agriculture (irrigation). In this context, in the Colombian context, the challenges are based on consolidating a better network of piezometric information and, in general, a more robust monitoring system to improve decision making regarding fracking, since this type of information represents the first step towards the construction of hydrogeological models that support the risk evaluation and contribute to the reduction of the vulnerability of the water resource in the development of projects of exploitation of shale gas. La contribución de la extracción de gas lutita en la sostenibilidad energética ha sido evaluada de manera independiente, sin tener en cuenta su relación con la seguridad hídrica ni sus impactos en las fuentes de agua. Por esta razón, en la presente investigación se realizó un análisis de estos impactos a través de una revisión bibliográfica de carácter nacional e internacional. Si bien el análisis hecho sugiere dos aspectos fundamentalmente importantes: 1) impactos en el recurso hídrico asociados a la cantidad y calidad de este y 2) efectos sísmicos o sismicidad inducida, este estudio se enfoca principalmente en el primero. Los resultados de la revisión demuestran un creciente aumento de investigaciones sobre el impacto del fracking; sin embargo, se encontró que hay deficiencias en el uso de modelos numéricos para cuantificar los efectos ambientales. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran que los consumos asociados a la estimulación hidráulica no parecen ser significativos comparados con los usos típicos en otras prácticas económicas, como la agricultura (riegos). En este sentido, en el contexto colombiano los retos se basan en consolidar una mejor red de información piezométrica y en general un sistema de monitoreo más robusto para mejorar la toma de decisiones respecto al fracking, ya que este tipo de información representa el primer paso hacia la construcción de modelos hidrogeológicos que soporten la evaluación del riesgo y contribuyan a la reducción de la posible vulnerabilidad del recurso hídrico en el desarrollo de proyectos de aprovechamiento de gas lutita.
efectos ambientales, fracking, recurso hídrico, environmental impacts, water resources
efectos ambientales, fracking, recurso hídrico, environmental impacts, water resources
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