
handle: 10651/67714
RESUMEN Objetivo: En el ejercicio de su profesión los músicos pueden sufrir diferentes problemas de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si éstos están incluidos en el cuadro de enfermedades profesionales y, de ser así, cuantificar y describir las que hayan sido reconocidas en los últimos años. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de todas las enfermedades que podrían ser incluidas como enfermedades profesionales en la legislación vigente. Se realizó un estudio de incidencia de las enfermedades profesionales reconocidas bajo el código 29.32 Compositores, músicos y cantantes (CNO-2011) en los años 2007 a 2014. Se describieron y representaron los casos y tasas obtenidas por tipo de enfermedad, sexo y año de reconocimiento. Resultados: Se identificaron 10 entradas en el cuadro de enfermedades profesionales para las enfermedades de los músicos, principalmente trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TME) e hipoacusia. Los trastornos mentales y la distonía focal no están incluidos. Se localizaron 213 enfermedades profesionales en 2007-2014, 120 en hombres y 93 en mujeres. El 81% fueron TME, el 11% hipoacusias y el 7% nódulos de las cuerdas vocales. La tasa de incidencia media para el periodo fue de 18,3 por cien mil, 19,1 en hombres y 17,3 en mujeres. Conclusiones: El Cuadro de enfermedades profesionales contiene epígrafes que permiten la declaración de diferentes problemas de salud que padecen los músicos, a excepción de la distonía focal y de los trastornos mentales. La mayor incidencia corresponde a los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos.
ABSTRACT Background: Musicians suffer from a wide range of health problems related to their profession. The aim of this paper was to assess whether work-related musician diseases are included into the Official Spanish List of Occupational Diseases and, if so, to describe and quantify those recognized in recent years. Methods: The Official Spanish List of Occupational Diseases was searched to identify occupational diseases affecting musicians. We then conducted an incidence study of those occupational diseases recognized under code 29.32 Composers, musicians and singers (CNO-2011) for the period 2007 to 2014. Cases and rates were described and represented by disease type, gender and year of recognition. Results: Ten entries were identified as musician diseases in the official occupational disease list; mostly involved musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and hearing loss. Mental health disorders and focal dystonia are not included in the list. In the period 2007-2014, 213 cases were identified, 120 for men and 93 for women. Of these, 81% were MSD, 11% hearing loss and 7% vocal cord nodules. The average incidence rate per 100,000 was 18.3 (19.1 in men and 17.3 in women). Conclusions: The official Spanish List of Occupational Diseases allows the recognition of most occupational diseases affecting musicians with the exception of focal dystonia and mental health disorders. Their inclusion should be evaluated. The highest incidence corresponds to musculoskeletal disorders.
Distonía focal, Spain, Trastornos mentales, Musculoskeletal diseases, Occupational diseases, Dystonic disorders, España, Enfermedades musculoesqueléticas, Enfermedades profesionales, Mental health disorders
Distonía focal, Spain, Trastornos mentales, Musculoskeletal diseases, Occupational diseases, Dystonic disorders, España, Enfermedades musculoesqueléticas, Enfermedades profesionales, Mental health disorders
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