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Impacto de las erupciones volcánicas sobre el sistema respiratorio

Authors: Enríquez Rodríguez, Ana Isabel;

Impacto de las erupciones volcánicas sobre el sistema respiratorio

Abstract

Los efectos sobre la salud de las erupciones volcánicas en las poblaciones circundantes no han sido bien estudiados hasta el momento. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto directo descrito en la literatura que éstas tienen sobre el sistema respiratorio. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática incluyendo 22 artículos escritos en lengua inglesa entre 1998 y la fecha actual. Entre los artículos, 7 eran revisiones, 1 prospectivo, 8 ecológicos y 6 epidemiológicos transversales basados en encuestas de salud. Aunque parece que existe una relación entre las erupciones volcánicas y la presencia de algunos síntomas como tos, irritación de garganta, disnea, rinorrea o sibilancias, no está claro que agraven la patología respiratoria previa, como por ejemplo, el asma. Además, no encontramos estudios de suficiente calidad sobre el efecto de los volcanes sobre el pulmón a medio y largo plazo. Los estudios muestran diferencias significativas en los resultados, lo que podría justificarse por la diferencia entre las partículas emitidas en los distintas áreas del planeta, pero también por el diseño subóptimo de muchos estudios. Son necesarios estudios a largo plazo para evaluar de forma adecuada el potencial carcinógeno de la exposición a la ceniza volcánica o su capacidad para provocar neumoconiosis u otras alteraciones de vías respiratorias bajas, como pueden ser exacerbaciones de enfermedades respiratorias previas o infecciones pulmonares parenquimatosas.

The health effects of volcanic eruptions in the surrounding towns have not been well studied so far. The objective of this study is to analyze the direct impact described in the literature that they have on the respiratory system. This was a systematic review including 22 articles written in English from 1998 to the current date. Among the items, 7 were reviews, 1 prospective, 8 were ecological and 6 were cross-sectional epidemiological based on health surveys. Although it seems that there is a relationship between volcanic eruptions and the presence of some symptoms such as cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, runny nose or wheezing, it is not clear that they aggravated the previous respiratory pathology, such as for example, asthma. In addition, we do not find sufficient quality studies on the effect of volcanoes on the lung in the medium and long term. Studies show significant differences in results that could be justified by the difference between the particles emitted in the different areas of the planet, but also by the suboptimal design of many studies. Studies are needed in the long term to assess adequately the carcinogenic potential of exposure to volcanic ash or their ability to cause pneumoconiosis or other alterations of the lower respiratory tract, such as exacerbations of previous respiratory disease or parenchymatous lung infections.

Keywords

Volcanic Gases, Respiratory Disease, Volcanic Eruptions, Volcanic Ash

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green