Psychoanalytic epistemology implies interpretation of meaningful relations in a historical, developmental perspective. Interpersonal and intrapsychic phenomena are interpreted in their context. This article focuses on research strategies based on this epistemology. Qualitative research methods are seen as suitable for studies of narratives and dialogues where phenomena are understood in their context and interpreted from different perspectives. The aim is to identify the new and specific (not only to replicate) and revise, expand or change theory. This research strategy will be exemplified using Assimilation Analysis and Dialogic Sequence analysis on a psychotherapy process with a patient who has been severely traumatized.