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Barns erfaringer med familieterapi og hva de opplever som nyttig hjelp

Authors: Fauske, Unni;

Barns erfaringer med familieterapi og hva de opplever som nyttig hjelp

Abstract

Flere anerkjente forskningsmiljøer fremholder nå betydningen av å snakke med barn og rette oppmerksomheten mot barnas erfaringer, da det er lite kunnskap om deres opplevelse av terapi og muligheten til aktiv innflytelse (Dallos 2005, Tuseth m.fl. 2006, Lambert m. fl. 2004). Et fokus på helsefremmende prosesser, relasjonelle forhold og utenomterapeutiske faktorer har også blitt etterlyst i forskningen (Henriksen 2007, Ulvestad m.fl. 2007). I tråd med disse anbefalingene har jeg rettet fokus mot barna og helsefremmende prosesser og søkt systematisk kunnskap om hva noen barn har opplevd som nyttige faktorer under behandlingsprosesser der de har vært meddeltakere. Undersøkelsens overordnede problemstillinger er; Hva har barna opplevd som nyttig, og hva har de ikke opplevd som så nyttig hjelp i en familieterapeutisk prosess? Jeg har valgt å gjøre et kvalitativt studium med semistrukturerte intervjuer med fem barn om deres erfaringer med familieterapi generelt, mer spesifikt hva de opplevde som problematisk på det tidspunktet de søkte hjelp, hva de opplevde som nyttig i terapisamtalene og hva de tror bidro til at de etter hvert fikk det bedre. Barnas fortellinger ble deretter analysert etter inspirasjon fra tolkende fenomenologisk analyse med et særlig fokus på hvordan barna erfarer og betrakter sin livsverden. Barna som har deltatt i denne undersøkelsen har alle opplevd å ha fått nyttig hjelp både fra egne ressurser, eget nettverk og fra familieterapi. Barnas opplevelse av hva som var problematisk da de kom i behandling dreier seg i hovedsak om venner, skole og fritidsarena. I barnas fortellinger om endringsprosesser fremhever de spesielt betydningen av at de kunne få opplevelsen av mestring i aktiviteter de deltok i, av å ha venner og at det var nyttig å få snakke med noen om det som var vanskelig med fokus på mestring. Å ha skolen som læringsarena og å ha støttespillere samt tydelige og rosende foreldre var også kategorier som fremstod som nyttige. Å skape en god terapeutisk allianse, håp og tydelig struktur i de terapeutiske samtalene framstår som viktig for å fasilitere endring. Funnene i denne undersøkelsen viser at å forstå sin egen situasjon og relasjoners betydning i dette arbeidet gir grunnlag for en tydelig egeninnsats fra barnas side i endringsprosesser. Barnas erfaringer drøftes avslutningsvis i lys av ulike teoretiske ideer og praksiser, hvor mestringsfokuserte perspektiver og samarbeidende praksisformer framstår som spesielt nyttige perspektiver for å forstå hvordan tjenestetilbudene til barna vil kunne bli rikere om barna blir konsultert om sine erfaringer, hvor barnas egen mestring og hvor hele barnets livsverden trekkes inn i behandlingsprosessene.

There is an increased focus on the importance of listening to children’s own voices and experiences in order to increase our knowledge of children’s agency in therapy (Dallos 2005, Tuseth et. al. 2006, Lambert et. al 2004). A focus on general health promoting processes, relational aspects and factors outside of the therapeutic relation has also been warranted in research (Henriksen 2007, Ulvestad et. al. 2007). In line with these recommendations I have directed my focus towards children voice and agency as well as general health promoting processes in a study of 5 children’s experiences in participatory treatment processes. The main question of this study is: What have these children experienced as helpful and not so helpful in the course of the family therapy process? Using semi-structured, interviews I have directed attention to their experience with family therapy in general as well as to their specific experience of what initiated their need for help, how they have experienced the therapeutic conversations and what they consider to be important success factors in their process towards feeling better. Inspired by interpretative phenomenology, a focus of how children experience and view their own life worlds are central for the analysis of their stories. In this study all the children feel they have received useful help, both in regards of activating their own resources, their networks and from the family therapy itself. As reasons for initiating the therapy in the first place, they report problems with friends, school and in lesuretime activities. In their stories of change they underline the importance of learning to master their every day activities, of having friends and the importance of having someone to talk to about their difficulties and challenges and how to overcome them. A learning school environment, supporting relations as well as encouraging and distinct parenting stood out as useful factors in the process. To create a good therapeutic alliance, hope and clear structures in the therapeutic conversations were also important factors to facilitate change. The study shows that facilitating self-awareness and to acknowledge the importance of every day relations is vital for activating children’s own agency and resilience in processes of change. In the discussion perspectives on mastering as well as experiences from therapy as a collaborative venture become particularly useful to demonstrate how health services for children can become richer and better by listening to children’s experiences in their every day life and by acknowledging children’s agency and resilience.

Master i familiebehandling

Country
Norway
Keywords

Mestring, Barn, Familieterapi, Erfaringer, VDP::Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Sosiologi: 220, Opplevelser

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green