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Propuesta de un diseño metodológico para un reintegro laboral temprano y efectivo en trabajadores que presentaron accidentes laborales de tipo musculoesquelético leves a moderados

Authors: Vélez Romero, Johan Camilo;

Propuesta de un diseño metodológico para un reintegro laboral temprano y efectivo en trabajadores que presentaron accidentes laborales de tipo musculoesquelético leves a moderados

Abstract

En el ámbito de Medicina Preventiva y del Trabajo, las lesiones musculoesqueléticas requieren una gestión integral debido a su naturaleza multifactorial para lograr un reintegro laboral temprano y efectivo. A pesar de la existencia de protocolos para estas situaciones, los resultados obtenidos no siempre cumplen con lo esperado. El objetivo general de la investigación es proponer una metodología para el reintegro laboral temprano y efectivo de trabajadores con lesiones musculoesqueléticas de leve a moderado grado, como resultado de accidentes laborales, en una IPS ubicada en Cali. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal con componentes cualitativo y cuantitativo, estructurado en cuatro fases específicas. La primera fase consistió en la caracterización retrospectiva de la población que participó en un programa de rehabilitación en la IPS de Cali durante el período de estudio. En la segunda fase, se identificaron las barreras y facilitadores del reintegro laboral mediante un análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. La tercera fase integró los hallazgos obtenidos con la Resolución 3050 (2022) y otros modelos pertinentes para desarrollar una propuesta metodológica adecuada. Finalmente, la cuarta fase consistió en una prueba piloto por medio de la validación de la metodología propuesta por expertos en el área, con el objetivo de asegurar su aplicabilidad y efectividad. Dentro de los resultados relevantes, se contó con información de 111 trabajadores con lesiones leves a moderadas en la IPS de Cali, con una mediana de edad de 41 años y predominancia masculina. De estos, el 82% se reintegró tempranamente. Sin embargo, los reintegros tardíos fueron más frecuentes en casos con lesiones como atrapamiento, pisadas, choques o golpes y lesiones por violencia. Los expertos subrayan la importancia de proporcionar atención clínica oportuna y realizar un seguimiento riguroso, incapacidades de manera racional y un apoyo administrativo oportuno. El reintegro laboral efectivo debe basarse en tres componentes clave: la coordinación de servicios, modificaciones e intervenciones directas en el lugar de trabajo y enfoques centrados en la salud del trabajador. Estos componentes deben estar interrelacionados durante el proceso de rehabilitación y reintegro. No obstante, en la población estudiada, la falta de implementación de modificaciones en el puesto de trabajo impide un reintegro laboral verdaderamente efectivo. La metodología propuesta busca abordar estas deficiencias para mejorar los resultados del reintegro laboral temprano y efectivo

In the field of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, musculoskeletal injuries require comprehensive management due to their multifactorial nature to achieve early and effective return-to-work outcomes. Despite the existence of protocols for these situations, the results obtained do not always meet expectations. The general objective of the research is to propose a methodology for early and effective return-to-work for workers with mild to moderate musculoskeletal injuries resulting from work-related accidents, at an IPS located in Cali. To achieve this objective, a descriptive cross-sectional study with both qualitative and quantitative components was conducted, structured into four specific phases. The first phase involved the retrospective characterization of the population participating in a rehabilitation program at the IPS in Cali during the study period. The second phase identified barriers and facilitators of return-to-work through an interpretative phenomenological analysis. The third phase integrated the findings with Resolution 3050 (2022) and other relevant models to develop an appropriate methodological proposal. Finally, the fourth phase consisted of a pilot test through validation of the proposed methodology by experts in the field to ensure its applicability and effectiveness. Among the relevant results, data was collected from 111 workers with mild to moderate injuries at the IPS in Cali, with a median age of 41 years and a predominance of males. Of these, 82% returned to work early. However, delayed returns were more common in cases with injuries such as entrapments, foot injuries, impacts or blows, and violence-related injuries. Experts emphasize the importance of providing timely clinical care, conducting rigorous follow-ups, rationalizing disabilities, and offering timely administrative support. Effective return-to-work should be based on three key components: service coordination, modifications and direct interventions in the workplace, and worker-centered health approaches. These components must be interrelated throughout the rehabilitation and return process. However, in the studied population, the lack of implementation of workplace modifications hinders truly effective return-to-work. The proposed methodology aims to address these deficiencies to improve the outcomes of early and effective return-to-work

Tesis (Magíster en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2024

Magíster en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

Maestría

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Reintegro laboral efectivo, 330, Return to work, Occupational accidents, 616, Disability and health, Maestría en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Lesiones musculoesqueléticas, Reintegro laboral temprano, Rehabilitación profesional, International classification of functioning, Comprehensive health care

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green