
handle: 10612/26703
[ES] Este trabajo investiga el papel de las infecciones víricas en el desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por la destrucción progresiva de las células β del páncreas, productoras de insulina. En el se han analizado las bases anatómicas, fisiológicas y moleculares del páncreas endocrino, así como la función de la insulina en el metabolismo energético. Se han revisado los factores genéticos implicados, especialmente los haplotipos HLA de alto riesgo, y su interacción con factores ambientales. El núcleo del trabajo se centra en la hipótesis de que infecciones por virus como enterovirus, rotavirus y SARS-CoV2 pueden actuar como desencadenantes del proceso autoinmune, mediante mecanismos como el mimetismo molecular o la activación inespecífica. Se han consultado las evidencias experimentales, epidemiológicas y clínicas que respalda esta relación desde un prisma crítico. Finalmente, se han discutido las implicaciones clínicas y preventivas, incluyendo el potencial de vacunas y terapias inmunomoduladoras, vislumbrando futuros avances en la predicción, prevención e intervención temprana en individuos genéticamente predispuestos.
[EN] This study investigates the role of viral infections in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DT1), an autoimmune disease characterised by the progressive destruction of insulinproducing β cells in the pancreas. It analyses the anatomical, physiological and molecular bases of the endocrine pancreas, as well as the role of insulin in energy metabolism. The genetic factors involved, especially high-risk HLA haplotypes, and their interaction with environmental factors have been reviewed. The core of the study focuses on the hypothesis that infections by viruses such as enterovirus, rotavirus and SARS-CoV-2 can act as triggers of the autoimmune process, through mechanisms such as molecular mimicry or non-specific activation. The experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidence supporting this relationship has been critically reviewed. Finally, the clinical and preventive implications have been discussed, including the potential of vaccines and immunomodulatory therapies, with a view to future advances in prediction, prevention and early intervention in genetically predisposed individuals.
28 páginas, figuras, tabla y referencias bibliográficas
Bioquímica, 2403 Bioquímica, Tipo 1, Biología, Diabetes, 2415 Biología Molecular, Virus, Páncreas, Infección, DM1, DT1, Infection, Pancreas, Type 1
Bioquímica, 2403 Bioquímica, Tipo 1, Biología, Diabetes, 2415 Biología Molecular, Virus, Páncreas, Infección, DM1, DT1, Infection, Pancreas, Type 1
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