
handle: 10612/26415
[ES] Los laboratorios de Sanidad Animal constituyen infraestructuras esenciales para la vigilancia, diagnóstico y control de enfermedades infecciosas, incluyendo aquellas de origen zoonótico. El desarrollo de las actividades en estos entornos implica una exposición constante a agentes biológicos potencialmente peligrosos, por lo que este trabajo se centra en la identificación, evaluación y gestión de los riesgos asociados, examinando los peligros a los que se suele exponer el trabajador, la clasificación de los agentes biológicos según su nivel de peligrosidad, sus vías de entrada al organismo, y el marco normativo aplicable a distintos niveles. Por otra parte, también se abordan las medidas de bioseguridad y contención necesarias en función del nivel de riesgo, los protocolos de actuación frente a exposiciones accidentales, la vigilancia sanitaria del personal expuesto y los requisitos técnicos y organizativos de los laboratorios según los niveles de contención biológica, sirviendo de ejemplo un caso práctico en un laboratorio de nivel 3 real, que aplica los procedimientos preventivos en un entorno real. Todo ello se apoya en el principio “Una Sola Salud”, poniendo de manifiesto la interconexión entre salud humana, animal y ambiental, y subrayando la necesidad de promover una cultura preventiva sólida en contextos laborales de alto riesgo biológico.
[EN] Animal Health laboratories constitute essential infrastructures for the surveillance, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases, including those of zoonotic origin. The development of activities in these environments implies constant exposure to potentially dangerous biological agents, which is why this work focuses on the identification, evaluation, and management of the associated risks, examining the hazards to which workers are typically exposed, the classification of biological agents according to their level of danger, their routes of entry into the body, and the applicable regulatory framework at different levels. Furthermore, it also addresses the biosafety and containment measures necessary depending on the risk level, action protocols for accidental exposures, health surveillance of exposed personnel, and the technical and organizational requirements of laboratories according to biological containment levels, with a practical case example in a real BSL-3 laboratory that applies preventive procedures in a real setting. All of this is supported by the "One Health" principle, highlighting the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health, and underscoring the need to promote a solid preventive culture in high-biological-risk work contexts.
Sanidad animal, 3109 Ciencias Veterinarias, Bioseguridad, Riesgo biológico, Animal health laboratory, Biological agents, Agentes biológicos, Biological risk, Biosafety, Veterinaria, Laboratorio de sanidad animal, Regulations, Normativa
Sanidad animal, 3109 Ciencias Veterinarias, Bioseguridad, Riesgo biológico, Animal health laboratory, Biological agents, Agentes biológicos, Biological risk, Biosafety, Veterinaria, Laboratorio de sanidad animal, Regulations, Normativa
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