
handle: 10612/26410
[ES] Una de las principales carencias del ordenamiento jurídico español en materia de despido disciplinario ha sido la falta de una garantía legal general que reconozca el derecho del trabajador a ser escuchado antes de que se adopte la decisión de extinguir su contrato. Esta omisión ha dejado a la mayoría de los empleados del sector privado sin una protección efectiva frente a una medida tan severa como el despido, permitiendo que se imponga sin recabar previamente su versión de los hechos. Aunque existen excepciones como el caso de los representantes legales de los trabajadores o ciertos convenios colectivos que sí prevén la audiencia previa, lo cierto es que estas garantías no se aplican de forma generalizada. Esto ha generado una evidente desigualdad en la protección de los derechos laborales. Sin embargo, la situación cambia con la STS de 18 de noviembre de 2024, que reconoce la obligatoriedad de ofrecer al trabajador la oportunidad de ser oído antes del despido disciplinario. Esta doctrina incorpora al sistema español la exigencia contenida en el art. 7 del Convenio núm. 158 (OIT), reforzando así las garantías del trabajador en el marco del despido por causas disciplinarias.
[EN] One of the main shortcomings of the Spanish legal system regarding disciplinary dismissal has been the absence of a general legal guarantee ensuring the worker’s right to be heard before the termination of their contract. This gap has left most private-sector employees without effective protection against such a severe measure as dismissal, allowing employers to impose it without first hearing the employee’s version of events. Although there are exceptions such as legally protected employee representatives or certain collective bargaining agreements that require a prior hearing these safeguards are not universally applied. This has resulted in a clear inequality in the protection of labor rights. However, the situation changed with the Supreme Court ruling of November 18, 2024, which established the obligation for employers to offer workers the opportunity to be heard before proceeding with a disciplinary dismissal. This doctrine incorporates into the Spanish system the requirement set forth in Article 7 of ILO Convention No. 158, thereby strengthening workers’ procedural guarantees in cases of disciplinary termination.
Organización Internacional del Trabajador, Disciplinary dismissal, Derecho, Convention, 56 Ciencias Jurídicas y Derecho, Tribunal Supremo, Prior hearing, International Labour Organization, Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, 5605.08 Derecho Privado, Audiencia previa, Despido disciplinario, Trabajadores, Supreme Court, Convenio, Law, Workers
Organización Internacional del Trabajador, Disciplinary dismissal, Derecho, Convention, 56 Ciencias Jurídicas y Derecho, Tribunal Supremo, Prior hearing, International Labour Organization, Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, 5605.08 Derecho Privado, Audiencia previa, Despido disciplinario, Trabajadores, Supreme Court, Convenio, Law, Workers
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