
handle: 10612/24212
[ES] Desde hace décadas los plásticos se han convertido en un grave problema medioambiental en el medio marino. Por fragmentación o diferentes métodos de degradación, los plásticos de mayor tamaño (macroplásticos) se transforman en microplásticos (< 5 milímetros (mm)) que, unidos a los que se manufacturan expresamente, llegan por diferentes vías a los océanos. No se conoce, con exactitud, su cantidad y distribución, pero se estiman cifras muy altas y una presencia global o mundial. Su interacción con diferentes elementos químicos y organismos presentes en el agua del mar libera sustancias tóxicas de efectos aún no bien estudiados, y, por su pequeño tamaño, colorido, etc., pueden ser confundidos con su alimento por el zooplancton, incorporándose así a las cadenas tróficas y llegar hasta el hombre. La eliminación de los microplásticos del medio marino es una tarea imposible hoy en día y solo una reducción de su uso, la fabricación de plásticos biodegradables y la implantación de programas de seguimiento que permitan eliminar o reducir las fuentes, pueden paliar o controlar, hasta cierto punto, sus efectos
[EN] For decades, plastics have become a serious environmental problem in the marine environment. Through fragmentation or different degradation methods, larger plastics (macroplastics) transform into microplastics (<5 mm) that, along with those intentionally manufactured, reach the oceans through various pathways. The exact quantity and distribution of these microplastics are not known, but estimates suggest very high numbers and a global or worldwide presence. Their interaction with different chemical elements and organisms in seawater releases toxic substances with effects that are not yet well understood. Due to their small size, color, etc., they can be mistaken for food by zooplankton, thus entering food chains and eventually reaching humans. The removal of microplastics from the marine environment is currently an impossible task, and only a reduction in their use, the production of biodegradable plastics, and the implementation of monitoring programs that allow for the elimination or reduction of sources can mitigate or control their effects to some extent
32 págs., figuras, tablas y referencias bibliográficas
Medio marino, 2417.05 Biología Marina, 3308.07 Eliminación de Residuos, Biología, Contaminación, Microplastics, 3312.10 Plásticos, Microplásticos, Plásticos, Plastics, Pollution, Ecología. Medio ambiente, Marine environment
Medio marino, 2417.05 Biología Marina, 3308.07 Eliminación de Residuos, Biología, Contaminación, Microplastics, 3312.10 Plásticos, Microplásticos, Plásticos, Plastics, Pollution, Ecología. Medio ambiente, Marine environment
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