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Bachelor thesis . 2023
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2023
License: CC BY NC ND
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Bachelor thesis
License: CC BY NC ND
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Bioensayos “in vitro” para el estudio de actividad biológica agonista

“In vitro” bioassays for the study of agonist biological activity
Authors: Alonso Pascual, Victoria;

Bioensayos “in vitro” para el estudio de actividad biológica agonista

Abstract

[ES] La respuesta inmunitaria es la principal defensa que tiene el organismo para hacer frente a las amenazas constantes de los microorganismos patógenos. Para ello, el sistema inmunitario cuenta con las células T efectoras como herramienta esencial y una comunicación celular compleja. En la activación de estas células hay 4 señales involucradas (señal 0: TLR agonista, señal de peligro; señal 1: TCR reconoce péptidos extraños en el contexto del MHC; señal 2: coinhibición o co-estimulación; señal 3: proliferación), pero no es un sistema perfecto ya que puede sufrir alteraciones. La modificación de la respuesta inmunitaria puede conducir a la inmunosupresión, como en el caso del cáncer, o a la hiperactivación, como en las alergias, enfermedades autoinmunes y trasplantes. Por ello, la activación de las células T se ha convertido en el centro de estudio estos últimos años, con el objetivo de desarrollar terapias frente a estas enfermedades. Concretamente, los grupos de investigación se han centrado en la modificación intencionada de la señal 2 para manipular la activación de las células T. Se trata de un conjunto de señales activadoras e inhibidoras que regulan en última instancia la diferenciación de las células T hacia células T efectoras. En el presente trabajo, se ha llevado a cabo una recopilación bibliográfica de las líneas de investigación más recientes sobre vías de co-señalización que sirven como diana terapéutica para el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias. Actualmente, se comercializan anticuerpos monoclonales que interfieren en la co-señalización de PD-1/PDL1, CTLA-4/CD80/CD86 y LAG-3/MHCII, regulando así la diferenciación de las células T. Asimismo, existen otras vías de co-señalización en estudio como BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT, TIGIT/CD155/CD226, TIM-3/Gal-9/HMGB1 o 2B4/CD48/CD229 para mejorar las inmunoterapias actuales

[EN] The immune response is the body's main defence against constant threats from pathogenic microorganisms. For this purpose, the immune system relies on effector T cells as an essential tool and complex cellular network. T cell activation requires of four signals (signal 0; TLR agonist, danger signal; signal 1: TCR recognises foreign peptides in the context of MHC, T cell activation; signal 2: coinhibition or co-stimulation; signal 3: proliferation), but it is not a perfect system as it can suffer alterations. The modification of the immune response can lead to immunosuppression as in cancer patients, or overactivation as in the case of autoimmunity, transplants and allergic diseases. For this reason, T-cell activation has become the focus of study in recent years, with the aim of developing therapies for these diseases. Specifically, research groups have focused on the intentional modification of signal 2 to manipulate the course of T cell activation. This is a set of activating and inhibitory signals that ultimately regulate T cell differentiation towards effector T cells. In the present work, a bibliographic compilation of the most recent lines of research on co-signalling pathways that serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases has been reviewed. Currently, monoclonal antibodies are commercially available that interfere with PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA4/CD80/CD86 and LAG-3/MHCII co-signalling, with the aim of regulating the course of T cell differentiation. An in-heading number of novel pathways are under intense scrutiny such as BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT, TIGIT/CD155/CD226, TIM-3/Gal-9/HMGB1 or 2B4/CD48/CD229 to improve the current immunotherapies

30 páginas, ilustraciones, referencias bibliográficas

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

2412 Inmunología, LAG-3, Biología, Anticuerpos monoclonales, Co-señalización, PD-1, Inmunología, T cells, CTLA-4, Monoclonal antibodies, Células T, Co-signaling

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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Cancer Research