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Protective Factors on Perpetration of Bullying and Cyberbullying

Authors: Guarini, Annalisa; Passini, Stefano; Melotti, Giannino; Brighi, Antonella;

Protective Factors on Perpetration of Bullying and Cyberbullying

Abstract

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents and to test the role of demographic (gender, age) and psychosocial variables (self-esteem, loneliness and school climate) associated with these aggressive behaviours. An anonymous questionnaire was fi lled in by 2.326 adolescents from Italian middle and high schools. Results showed that cyberbullying appeared to be less frequent as compared with traditional forms of bullying. Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong continuity between traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Loneliness perceived in the relationships with parents was a very relevant predictor of both forms of bullying (traditional and cyber): i.e. the adolescents who perceived parents as distant were more involved in bullying. A negative relationship with teachers and a low self-esteem about school were other signifi cant risk factors for traditional and cyber perpetration. Besides these common predictors, some differences were found among predictors in traditional bullying and cyberbullying. In fact, males and students of high schools declared to be more involved in the role of a traditional bully than female and younger preadolescents, while gender and age had no predictive role for cyberbullying. A high perception of self-esteem in rela-tionships with peers, a low aversion to loneliness and a perception of unsafety at school triggered cyberbullying, while a high perception of self-esteem in sports activities and of a poor support at school increased the probability of becoming a traditional bully. The results have been discussed focussing on the family and school contexts as crucial relational environments to be considered for intervention programs aimed at preventing not only traditional bullying but also forms of aggression in the virtual world.

Celem tego badania było określenie częstotliwości sprawstwa w zakresie bullyingu i cyberbullyingu wśród adolescentów. Badano związki tego zjawiska z cechami społeczno-demografi cznymi (płeć, wiek) oraz zmiennymi psychospołecznymi (tj. samooceną, samotnością, czy klimatem społecznym szkoły).Anonimowy kwestionariusz został wypełniony przez 2326 adolescentów z wło-skich szkół. Cyberbullying okazał się zjawiskiem rzadziej występującym niż bullying, jednak regresja logistyczna wykazała wyraźnie współwystępowanie tych zjawisk.Samotność doświadczana w relacjach z rodzicami okazała się być predykatorem obu rodzajów przemocy rówieśniczej. Podobnie niska samoocena i złe relacje z nauczycielami korelowały dodatnio z zaangażowaniem w obydwa rodzaje prze-mocy rówieśniczej.Pojawiło się także kilka mniej oczywistych zależności. Starsi nastolatkowie częściej angażowali się jako sprawcy w tradycyjny bullying (w porównaniu z młodszymi chłopcami i dziewczętami). Zmienne te okazały się bez znaczenia przy zaangażowaniu w cyberbullying. Wysoka samoocena w relacji z rówieśnikami, niskie poczucie samotności i postrzeganie szkoły jako niebezpiecznej korelowało z cyberbullyingiem. Z kolei, wysoka samoocena w zakresie kompetencji sportowych i niskie wsparcie w szkole zwiększało prawdopodobieństwo stania się sprawcą tra-dycyjnej agresji. Wyniki potwierdzają, że kluczowe środowiska – rodzina i szkoła – są istotne nie tylko dla zaangażowania w tradycyjną, ale też wirtualną agresję. Powinny one być zatem uwzględniane w programach profi laktycznych dotyczących obydwu tych zjawisk.

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Keywords

self-esteem, samoocena, bullying, protective factors, loneliness and school climate, klimat szkoły, cyberbullying, risk

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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