
handle: 10554/23513
La legislación ambiental colombiana ha acudido al instrumento económico denominado tasas retributivas -fundamentado en el mecanismo propuesto por Baumol y Oates, en su trabajo de 1973-, para regular la contaminación de los cuerpos de agua. El artículo emplea los algoritmos genéticos estándar para simular el comportamiento de un conjunto de empresas artificiales con vertimientos contaminantes sobre cuerpos de agua, ante el cobro de un impuesto uniforme, con las mismas características que las tasas retributivas. Las simulaciones intentan reproducir el comportamiento de las empresas bajo distintos escenarios de aplicación del instrumento, con el propósito de evaluar su eficiencia y proponer medidas tendientes a mejorarlo. La necesidad de esa evaluación surge del comportamiento estratégico de las empresas contaminadoras, no contemplado por Baumol y Oates y originado por su racionalidad limitada, y del cumplimiento parcial de la autoridad ambiental de sus actividades de facturación y monitoreo. Se concluye que ante el comportamiento estratégico de los contaminadores, un mayor impuesto a la contaminación no declarada elevaría la efectividad del instrumento de control. olombian environmental legislation has resorted to an economic instrument called retribution tax -based on the mechanism proposed by Baumol and Oates in their 1973 paper-, to regulate the contamination of bodies of water. This article employs standard genetic algorithms to simulate the behavior of a set of artificial companies that spill contaminants into bodies of water, when they are faced with a uniform tax charge with the same characteristics as the retribution tax. The simulations are aimed at reproducing company behavior in distinct tax application scenarios, for the purpose of evaluating their efficiency and proposing measures aimed at improvement. Such assessment is needed because the contaminating companies have adopted a strategic behavior that Baumol and Oates did not contemplate. It is due to the companies’ limited rationality and to the environmental authority’s but partial compliance with its invoicing and monitoring activities. The article concludes that, faced with such strategic behavior by the contaminating agent companies, a non-declared higher contamination tax would increase the effectiveness of the control instrument.
social learning, Retribution tax, 330, racionalidad limitada, tasas retributivas, limited rationality, algoritmos genéticos, aprendizaje social, genetic algorithms
social learning, Retribution tax, 330, racionalidad limitada, tasas retributivas, limited rationality, algoritmos genéticos, aprendizaje social, genetic algorithms
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