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Modelado morfométrico del volcanismo a partir de la reconstrucción paleogeomorfológica

Authors: Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Alejandro; Fernández Turiel, J. L.; Perez-Torrado, Francisco-Jose; Gimeno Torrente, Domingo; Aulinas, M.;

Modelado morfométrico del volcanismo a partir de la reconstrucción paleogeomorfológica

Abstract

A partir de una cuidadosa reconstrucción paleogeomorfológica del terreno volcánico puede realizarse un modelado morfométrico preciso, gracias al cual, y partiendo de la topografía actual, se obtienen mapas topográficos y modelos digitales de los terrenos (MDT) previos y posteriores a la erupción. Para su obtención, es necesario discutir el tamaño de pixel correcto, los métodos de interpolación y la calidad de los MDT. En un entorno de Sistema de Información Geográfico (SIG), la información geológica del cono, de las lavas y depósitos piroclásticos de caída, así como los MDT antes mencionados, permiten determinar las principales características morfológicas de estos edificios (e.g., volumen de materiales y pendientes del terreno pre-erupción). Pero además, deben definirse los criterios necesarios para determinar la precisión y exactitud de los distintos parámetros morfométricos. La calibración y validación de los modelos morfométricos se realizó en terrenos volcánicos simulados, mientras que para la verificación se tomó como ejemplo el volcán de El Lentiscal, en Gran Canaria, típico volcán basáltico monogénico cuya historia erosiva se encuentra en la primera etapa de degradación. La metodología desarrollada tiene un interés general, siendo aplicable igualmente a otros contextos geodinámicos, tanto en la Tierra como en otros planetas del Sistema Solar.

An accurate and precise morphometric modelling can be extended to past eruptions after a careful paleogeomorphological reconstruction of volcanic landforms in a setting of oceanic island. This reconstruction was used to create contour maps to derive the pre-, post-eruption and present-day digital elevation models (DEM). The right pixel size, interpolation method and quality of these DEMs were discussed. The process in a GIS framework of the geological information of cone, lava flow and tephra fall deposits together and the before-mentioned DEMs allowed determining the main morphological features of these volcanic landforms and their derivatives (e.g., eruption volume and pre-eruption slopes). The criteria needed to obtain accurate and precise measurements of the currently used morphometric parameters were defined. The calibration and validation of the morphometric modelling was performed on simulated volcanic landforms. The verification of the procedures was carried out on El Lentiscal volcano, a typical monogenetic basaltic eruption at Gran Canaria Island (Spain), the erosional history of which is in the first step of degradation. The proposed morphometric modelling is of general interest due to it is applicable to other geotectonic settings in the Earth and in the other inner planets of the Solar System.

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Keywords

Vulcanología, Sistemas de información geográfica, 250621 Vulcanología, DEM, Morfometría, lava flow, Cono de escoria, GIS, scoria cone, morphometry, Lava

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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