The Canarian date palm, Phoenix canariensis, is one of the most representative endemic plant species of the Canary Islands, although it is better known for its significant horticultural interest because it is one of the most appreciated ornamental trees of the subtropical and tropical worlds for its ability to grow on a wide range of site types. The naturally-occurring Canarian palm groves are the most important genetic reservoir of the species. This review aims to bring together the most important advances reached in the past three decades relative to the distribution, genetics and reproductive biology patterns of this species. Currently, P. canariensis palm groves are experiencing conservation problems such as the high pressure of human activities, and invasive pests, so it is appropriate to summarize all the current knowledge to make it available for incorporation into conservation strategies.

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