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Análisis de procesos inmunorreguladores en helmintiasis intestinales mediante el modelo Echinostoma caproni-ratón

Authors: Álvarez Izquierdo, María;

Análisis de procesos inmunorreguladores en helmintiasis intestinales mediante el modelo Echinostoma caproni-ratón

Abstract

En la presente Tesis Doctoral se analizan diferentes parámetros que intervienen en las interacciones parásito-hospedador en helmintiasis intestinales mediante el empleo del modelo experimental Echinostoma caproni-ratón ICR. Para ello, se realizan diferentes estudios en los que se analiza y compara la respuesta inmunitaria en infecciones primarias, asociadas a susceptibilidad, y secundarias, asociadas a resistencia. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la susceptibilidad del ratón a la infección primaria con E. caproni se debe a su incapacidad de responder con producción de IL-25 lo cual determina que se genere una respuesta Th1 asociada a susceptibilidad. Asimismo, estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que el parásito es capaz de desarrollar mecanismos que contrarrestan las respuestas tanto de anticuerpos como los efectos nocivos de la respuesta asociada a infecciones crónicas. La neutralización de los anticuerpos unidos a la superficie se produce a través de su captura y posterior degradación por las catepsinas. Estos resultados explican, en gran medida, la resistencia del parásito a la respuesta asociada a las infecciones crónicas. Por otra parte, la resistencia en infecciones secundarias está asociada a la producción de IL-25 y el desarrollo de respuestas Th2. Sin embargo, el papel de la IL-25 no es meramente regulador, como se ha pensado tradicionalmente. Los estudios realizados arrojan resultados que ponen de manifiesto que la respuesta Th2 no es capaz de generar resistencia frente al parasito en ausencia de IL-25. El papel efector de la IL-25 en la resistencia frente a E. caproni parece estar mediado por la activación alternativa de macrófagos, junto con la activación de procesos en el intestino que favorecen el mantenimiento de la homeostasis tisular. Por otro lado, los cambios en la microbiota intestinal inducidos por la infección, parecen fundamentales para explicar la producción de IL-25 y la resistencia frente a E. caproni.

In the present PhD Thesis, different parameters involved in the host-parasite relationships in intestinal helminth infections are analyzed using the Echinostoma caproni-rodent model. To this purpose, several studies were carried out in which the immune response in primary infections associated with susceptibility, and secondary infections associated with resistance were analyzed and compared. Our results demonstrated that mouse susceptibility to primary infection with E. caproni is due to its inability to respond with IL-25 production, which determines a susceptibility-associated Th1 response. The results obtained showed that the parasite is capable of developing mechanisms that counteract both antibody responses and the harmful effects of the response associated with chronic infections. Neutralization of surface-bound antibodies occurs through their trapping and subsequent degradation by cathepsins. These results explain, to a large extent, the resistance to the response associated with chronic infections. On the other hand, resistance in secondary infections is associated with the production of IL-25 and the development of Th2 responses. However, the role of IL-25 is not merely regulatory, as has been traditionally thought. Our results show that Th2 response is not capable of generating resistance against the parasite in the absence of IL-25. The effector role of IL-25 in resistance against E. caproni appears to be mediated by the alternative activation of macrophages, together with the activation of processes in the intestine that favor the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. On the other hand, the changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by the infection appears to be essential to explain the production of IL-25 and the resistance against E. caproni.

Keywords

proteómica, captura de anticuerpos, catepsina, microbiota intestinal, echinostomatidae, :CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA [UNESCO], Th1, Th2, susceptibilidad, cronicidad, trematoda, echinostoma caproni, UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA, intestino, macrófagos, disbiosis, interleuquina-4, activación alternativa, resistencia, interleuquina-25, interleuquina-13

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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