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Ganancia de peso gestacional: Adecuación de recomendaciones en población gestante de la Comunidad Valenciana

Authors: Faus García, María;

Ganancia de peso gestacional: Adecuación de recomendaciones en población gestante de la Comunidad Valenciana

Abstract

Introducción: La ganancia de peso gestacional (GPG) es uno de los indicadores que más se utiliza en el control prenatal y quizás sea el factor que más influya en los resultados perinatales. Objetivo: Determinar hasta qué punto se ajusta la GPG de las gestantes del Departamento de Salud de la Ribera (Valencia) a los estándares internacionales de GPG recomendados por el Institute of Medicine (IOM) de EE. UU. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre una muestra de 4.361 mujeres cuyo parto tuvo lugar en el Hospital Universitario de la Ribera (HULR) entre el 1 enero de 2010 y el 31 de diciembre del 2015. Las gestantes fueron clasificadas en función de la GPG según las recomendaciones internacionales: incremento de peso adecuado, superior e inferior. Resultados: Una mayor GPG recomendada aumenta el riesgo de terminar el parto en cesárea o en parto instrumentado (OR = 1,454, p < 0,001; OR = 1,442, p < 0,001; respectivamente), y de obtener un recién nacido macrosómico o GEG (OR = 3,851, p = 0,008; OR = 1,749, p < 0,001; respectivamente). La GPG está relacionada con el peso al nacer (p < 0,001). Las variables predictoras de la GPG fueron el IMC pregestacional, la paridad, el peso al nacer del recién nacido y la edad materna. Conclusiones: Las recomendaciones de GPG emitidas por el IOM se adaptan en general a las gestantes de nuestro entorno. Una GPG distinta a dichas recomendaciones aumenta la probabilidad de tener resultados perinatales desfavorables. Sin embargo, es necesaria una aproximación más personalizada, adaptando las recomendaciones internacionales al control prenatal para cada una de las categorías de IMC pregestacional.

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is one of the most commonly used indicators in prenatal care and is probably the most influential factor in perinatal outcomes. Objective: To determine the extent to which the GWG of pregnant women from the Ribera Health Department (Valencia) meets the GWG international standards recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the USA. Methods: Retrospective observational study of a sample of 4,361 women who gave birth at the HULR between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015. The pregnant women were classified according to the GWG international recommendations: adequate weight gain, above and below. Results: A higher GWG recommended increases the risk of completing cesarean delivery or instrumental delivery (OR = 1.454, p < 0.001; OR = 1.442, p < 0.001; respectively), and of having a macrosomic or larger newborn for gestational age (OR = 3.851, p = 0.008; OR = 1.749, p < 0.001; respectively) with respect to get a GWG appropriate. The GWG is related to birth weight (p < 0.001). Predictor variables for GPG were pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, newborn birth weight, and maternal age. Conclusions: The GPG recommendations issued by the IOM are generally adapted to the pregnant women in our environment. It has been found that a GPG other than these recommendations increase the probability of obtaining poor perinatal outcomes. Nevertheless, a more personalized approach is needed, adapting international recommendations to prenatal control for each of the pre-pregnancy BMI categories.

Keywords

embarazo, imc, ganancia, UNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICAS, nutrición en la mujer, iom, peso, :CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO], resultados del nacimiento, complicaciones obstétricas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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