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Efectos de la hiperamonemia y la encefalopatía hepática sobre la conectividad neuronal en cerebro de pacientes cirróticos y modelos animales. Implicaciones terapéuticas

Authors: García García, Raquel;

Efectos de la hiperamonemia y la encefalopatía hepática sobre la conectividad neuronal en cerebro de pacientes cirróticos y modelos animales. Implicaciones terapéuticas

Abstract

La encefalopatía hepática (HE) es un complejo síndrome neuropsiquiátrico producido por la alteración en la función del sistema nervioso central asociada a la cirrosis hepática. Entre un 33-55% de los pacientes cirróticos sin síntomas clínicos evidentes de EH padecen encefalopatía hepática mínima (EHM) con deterioro cognitivo leve que empeora su calidad y esperanza de vida. Los pacientes cirróticos con EHM presentan alteraciones en la generación del potencial MMN (Mismatch Negativity), concretamente una disminución del área bajo la curva del potencial, que se correlaciona con los déficits de atención. En esta tesis hemos demostrado que las ratas con hiperamonemia crónica reproducen las alteraciones encontradas en la onda en pacientes con EHM y que por tanto son un buen modelo para estudiar los mecanismos implicados y ensayar tratamientos para revertirlas. Hemos evidenciado que uno de los mecanismos por los que se altera la respuesta MMN es la alteración de la conectividad funcional entre las diferentes áreas que participan en su generación. Además hemos demostrado que la neuroinflamación juega un papel importante como causa de las alteraciones de la respuesta MMN ya que el tratamiento con Ibuprofeno revierte tanto las alteraciones del potencial y como las alteraciones en la neurotransmisión en ratas con hiperamonemia. Por otro lado, estudios de resonancia magnética demuestran alteraciones cerebrales tanto estructurales como en la conectividad funcional de distintas redes neuronales en los pacientes con EH. Hemos demostrado que alteraciones específicas tanto estructurales como en la conectividad funcional en el cerebro de pacientes cirróticos son responsables de alteraciones cognitivas específicas y que estas alteraciones se relacionan con la hiperamonemia y la inflamación. Además, hemos evidenciado que los pacientes con EHM tienen alteraciones funcionales y estructurales en el hipocampo que contribuyen a las alteraciones en el aprendizaje y la memoria.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome produced by altered central nervous system function associated with liver cirrhosis. Between 33-55% of cirrhotic patients without evident clinical symptoms of HE suffer minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with mild cognitive impairment that worsens their quality and life expectancy. Cirrhotic patients with MHE present alterations in the generation of MMN potential, specifically a decrease in the area under the potential curve, which correlates with attention deficits. In this thesis we have shown that rats with chronic hyperammonemia reproduce the alterations found in the wave in patients with MHE and that therefore they are a good model to study the mechanisms involved and to try treatments to reverse them. We have shown that one of the mechanisms by which the MMN response is altered is the alteration of the functional connectivity between the different areas that participate in its generation. We have also shown that neuroinflammation plays an important role as a cause of the alterations of the MMN response since the treatment with Ibuprofen reverses both the alterations of the potential and the alterations in neurotransmission in rats with hyperammonemia. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging studies show structural and functional connectivity of different neural networks in patients with HE. We have shown that specific structural and functional connectivity alterations in the brain of cirrhotic patients are responsible for specific cognitive alterations and that these alterations are related to hyperammonaemia and inflammation. In addition, we have shown that patients with MHE have functional and structural alterations in the hippocampus that contribute to alterations in learning and memory.

Keywords

:CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA::Neurociencias::Neurofisiología [UNESCO], encefalopatía hepática, inflamación, hiperamonemia, mismatch negativity, resonancia magnética funcional, conectividad funcional, neuroinflamación, UNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA::Neurociencias::Neurofisiología, potenciales evocados, ibuprofeno

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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