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El megalitismo en Cantabria: una aproximación espacial

Authors: Diez Castillo, Agustín; Ruiz Cobo, Jesús;

El megalitismo en Cantabria: una aproximación espacial

Abstract

En las síntesis más recientes sobre el megalitismo en la Península Ibérica queda patente la idea de la independencia de los focos astur-galaico y vasco-pirenaico, derivada fundamentalmente de la ausencia de manifestaciones megalíticas en el sector central de la Cornisa Cantábrica, coincidente con la actual región de Cantabria. La constatación de la uniformidad en la distribución de las estructuras megalíticas en el corredor cantábrico plantea la necesidad de revisar los planteamientos en boga sobre el origen y difusión de este fenómeno en el Norte peninsular. De este modo quedaría superada la ''independencia" de los focos mencionados, estableciéndose un nuevo vector cultural a lo largo del Cantábrico. Las fechas radiocarbónicas de que se dispone apuntan a la contemporaneidad del fenómeno megalítico en toda la Cornisa Cantábrica 1 y contribuyen al conocimient del polémico proceso de neolitización en la misma (González Morales 1992). En la explicación de este sorprendente vacío intervienen un entramado de razones diversas, entre las que destaca la polarización de los estudios regionales hacia el Paleolítico Superior a causa de la importancia de los conjuntos con arte rupestre - Altamira y Castillo, sobre todo - . lo que provocó una empobrecedora asociación entre Arqueología y Espeleología. Esta limitó la prospección a los medios cársticos y ligó la investigación arqueológica a los grupos espeleológicos. A partir de su creación, el entonces Departamento de Prehistoria, de la Universidad de Cantabria, fija como una de sus líneas prioritarias de actuación la Prehistoria Reciente de esta región. Así se emprenden campañas sistemáticas de documentación de yacimientos al aire libre que suponen una inflexión en la investigación prehistórica regional ligada a una creciente profesionalización de la misma. La labor de la Universidad tiene un primer reflejo en la publicación de una síntesis de la Prehistoria Regional en la que se sientan las bases conceptuales y metodológ icas para el estudio de la misma (González Sainz; González Morales 1986) 2. A partir de entonces se emprende la excavación del dolmen del Alto de Lodos en la zona oriental (Serna y otros 1990), la necrópolis de La Raiz en la plataforma costera (Serna 1991a) y el conjunto megalítico de la Peña Oviedo en la comarca de Liébana (Diaz; Diez y otros 1991). En la actualidad se continúan los trabajos de campo en el conjunto de la Peña Oviedo, y se han comenzado en la necrópolis de Hayas-Alto Guriezo (Serna 1991c).

In the most recent syntheses about the megalithism in the Iberian Peninsula, the idea of ​​the independence of the Astur-Galician and Basque-Pyrenean foci is evident, mainly derived from the absence of megalithic manifestations in the central sector of the Cantabrian Cornice, coinciding with the current region of Cantabria. The verification of the uniformity in the distribution of the megalithic structures in the Cantabrian corridor raises the need to review the current proposals on the origin and diffusion of this phenomenon in the North of the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, the "independence" of the mentioned centers would be overcome, establishing a new cultural vector along the Bay of Biscay. The radiocarbon dates available point to the contemporaneity of the A megalithic phenomenon throughout the Cantabrian Cornice 1 and contribute to the knowledge of the controversial neolithisation process in the area (González Morales 1992). In the explanation of this surprising emptiness a series of diverse reasons had played their role, among which the polarization of the regional studies towards the Upper Paleolithic stands out because of the importance of the rock art sites - Altamira and Castillo, above all -. Which caused an impoverishing association between Archeology and Speleology. This fact, have limited archaeological surveys to karst media and linked archaeological research to speleological groups. From its creation, the then Department of Prehistory, of the University of Cantabria, establishes as one of its priority lines of action the Recent Prehistory of this region. In this way, systematic campaigns are carried out to document open-air sites that represent an inflection in regional prehistoric research linked to a growing professionalization of the field. The work of the University has a first reflection in the publication of a synthesis of the Regional Prehistory in which are laid the conceptual and methodological bases for the study of the megalithism (González Sainz, González Morales 1986). From then on the excavation of: a) the Alto de Lodos dolmen in the eastern zone (Serna et al. 1990), b) the necropolis of La Raiz on the coastal platform (Serna 1991a) and c) the megalithic complex of Peña Oviedo in the Liébana valley (Diaz Casado; Diez Castillo et al. 1991) have been carried out. At present, fieldwork continues in the Peña Oviedo complex, and have begun at the Hayas-Alto Guriezo necropolis (Serna 1991c).

Keywords

Neolítico, Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), Neolitización, Megalitismo, Cantabria

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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