Quantum information is a relatively young field of Physics, that aims to exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for the transmission and processing of information. As illustrative applications one can mention secure communications, based on quantum key distribution, and quantum algorithms that outperform their classical counterparts for a number of problems. Furthermore, the tools developed in the context of Quantum Information have proven extremely useful to deepen the understanding of quantum systems, for instance in the context of quantum many-body problems. One of the main applications of the power of quantum mechanics to computational tasks is the manipulation of quantum systems in the lab in order to perform quantum simulations, and different experimental approaches are currently being pursued towards this goal. Especially promising are ultracold atomic systems trapped in optical lattices, where the first quantum simulations that outperform the feasible classical calculations have already been realized.

201 páginas. Tesis Doctoral del Departamento de Física Teórica de la Universidad de Valencia y del Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC).

Peer reviewed