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Intervención en Libia: La responsabilidad de proteger a debate

Authors: Encarnación Fernández Ruiz-Gálvez;

Intervención en Libia: La responsabilidad de proteger a debate

Abstract

El trabajo analiza el origen y evolución del concepto de la responsabilidad de proteger, sus antecedentes en la década de los noventa del S. XX, su formulación en el Informe sobre La responsabilidad de proteger, y su consolidación posterior con especial atención al Documento Final de la Cumbre de 2005. Se examina asimismo el modo en que se ha aplicado esta norma emergente en la Resolución 1973 del Consejo de Seguridad, de 17 de marzo de 2011, que ha autorizado el uso de la fuerza en Libia. Y se concluye que casi todas las limitaciones y objeciones que se están planteando en relación con esta intervención, probablemente son consustanciales al modo en que actualmente se ponen en práctica este tipo de intervenciones, en particular cuando su ejecución se encomienda a los Estados actuando individualmente, en coalición o a través de organismos regionales. Uno de los principales retos para el Derecho internacional en nuestros días es el de la búsqueda de instrumentos que permitan garantizar una paz justa, respetuosa de los derechos humanos sin que para ello sea necesario recurrir a la guerra “humanitaria”. En esa línea destacaría, de un lado, la importancia de articular el uso lícito de la fuerza previsto en el Capítulo VII de la Carta de modo tal que no dé lugar a una guerra; y, de otro lado, la prioridad de la prevención no solo a corto plazo, sino también y sobre todo la prevención estructural (a largo plazo) de las causas subyacentes o profundas de las crisis y los conflictos: la pobreza, la desigual distribución de los recursos y la represión política. Abstract This work reviews the origin and the evolution of the responsibility to protect concept, its precedents in the nineties of the twentieth century, its formulation in “The responsibility to protect” report and its subsequent consolidation with special attention to the 2005 World Summit Outcome. It also examines how this emerging rule has been applied in the Security Council Resolution 1973, from 17th of March 2011, which has authorized the use of force in Libya. It concludes that almost all limitations and objections that are being raised in relation to this intervention are probably inherent to the way that these kind of interventions are currently implemented, particularly when its implementation has been entrusted to the States acting individually, in coalition or through regional organizations. Nowadays, one of the main challenges for international law is the searching of tools to ensure a fair peace where human rights are respected, without generating a "humanitarian" war. Following this line I would emphasize two ideas: on one hand, the importance of articulating the lawful use of the force, envisaged in the VII Chapter of the Charter, so that it does not lead to a war, and on the other hand, and mainly, the priority of prevention, not only in a short-term but also and specially the long-term prevention of the root causes of the crises and the conflicts: poverty, unequal distribution of resources and political repression.

Keywords

ius cogens norms, Resolución 1973 del Consejo de Seguridad, Humanitarian intervention, K201-487, Intervención humanitaria, normas de ius cogens, right authority, responsabilidad de prevenir, Security Council Resolution 1973, Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, responsibility, autoridad competente

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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