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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Bachelor thesis . 2024
License: CC BY NC SA
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Evaluación de la contaminación por aflatoxina M1 en productos lácteos.

Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in dairy products
Authors: Juan Esteban, Teresa; Lorán, S.; Lafuente Aso, Victor;

Evaluación de la contaminación por aflatoxina M1 en productos lácteos.

Abstract

Las aflatoxinas son un grupo de micotoxinas generadas por hongos del género Aspergillus, que en determinadas condiciones de temperatura y humedad pueden proliferar, contaminando piensos y alimentos para consumo humano. Entre las más importantes desde el punto de vista de la seguridad alimentaria se encuentran las aflatoxinas B1 y B2 (producidas por A. flavus y A. parasiticus), las aflatoxinas G1 y G2 (producidas por A. parasiticus) así como las aflatoxinas M1 y M2, productos del metabolismo de las aflatoxinas B1 y B2 respectivamente, que son excretados en la leche de los rumiantes tras la ingesta de piensos contaminados. Debido a su termorresistencia y estabilidad, la aflatoxina M1 también se encuentra en los productos lácteos elaborados con leche contaminada por esta toxina. Asimismo, algunos estudios han evidenciado, en el caso del queso, un aumento de la concentración en función de la variedad, las tecnologías utilizadas en su procesado y la cantidad de agua eliminada durante el mismo. Es por ello que, para evaluar el riesgo de exposición a AFM1, es necesario igualmente conocer la contaminación de los productos lácteos por esta micotoxina. En este trabajo se ha planteado como objetivo general evaluar la contaminación por AF M1 en muestras comerciales de quesos con diferentes características. Las muestras se han analizado siguiendo un método previamente validado en nuestro laboratorio, basado en el acondicionamiento de las muestras, seguido de una etapa de extracción de la aflatoxina M1 con disolventes orgánicos y posterior purificación del extracto utilizando columnas de inmunoafinidad (Vicam, IAC aflaM1™M). Por último, s se ha llevado a cabo una determinación del contenido de aflatoxina M1 mediante cromatografía líquida de ultra resolución (UPLC), acoplada a un detector de fluorescencia (FLD). Se analizaron un total de 61 muestras, de las cuales, se detectó presencia de aflatoxina M1 en 33 de ellas, lo que supone un 54,10% del total de muestras. Estas muestras contenían una concentración de entre 8,05 y 470,70 ng/kg de queso de toxina, lo que confirma la necesidad de la realización de controles para evaluar la presencia de AFM1 en productos lácteos

Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, which can proliferate under certain temperature and humidity conditions, contaminating feed and food for human consumption. Among the most important from a food safety perspective are aflatoxins B1 and B2 (produced by A. flavus and A. parasiticus), aflatoxins G1 and G2 (produced by A. parasiticus), as well as aflatoxins M1 and M2, which are metabolic products of aflatoxins B1 and B2 respectively, excreted in the milk of ruminants after ingesting contaminated feed. Due to its heat resistance and stability, aflatoxin M1 is also found in dairy products made from milk contaminated with this toxin. Moreover, some studies have shown that in the case of cheese, the concentration increases depending on the variety, the technologies used in processing, and the amount of water removed during processing. Therefore, to assess the risk of exposure to AFM1, it is also necessary to know the contamination of dairy products by this mycotoxin. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the contamination of AFM1 in commercial cheese samples with different characteristics. The samples were analyzed following a method previously validated in our laboratory, based on the conditioning of the samples, followed by an extraction stage of aflatoxin M1 with organic solvents and subsequent purification of the extract using immunoaffinity columns (Vicam, IAC aflaM1™M). Finally, the determination of the aflatoxin M1 content was carried out by ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC), coupled to a fluorescence detector (FLD). A total of 61 samples were analyzed, of which aflatoxin M1 was detected in 33, representing 54.10% of the total samples. These samples contained a concentration of between 8.05 and 470.70 ng/kg of cheese toxin, confirming the need for controls to assess the presence of AFM1 in dairy products.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average