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Efectos del acolchado sobre la humedad, temperatura, estructura y salinidad de suelos agrícolas

Mulching effects on moisture, temperature, structure and salinity of agricultural soils
Authors: Zribi, Wided; Faci González, José María; Aragüés Lafarga, Ramón;

Efectos del acolchado sobre la humedad, temperatura, estructura y salinidad de suelos agrícolas

Abstract

Los efectos del acolchado sobre los cultivos, hortofrutícolas en particular, agentes patógenos, plagas y malas hierbas han sido extensamente estudiados, en contraste con los efectos sobre las características físicas y químicas del suelo que han sido menos investigados. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es analizar y sintetizar trabajos relevantes efectuados principalmente en la última década sobre los principales efectos de distintos tipos de acolchados inorgánicos y orgánicos en la humedad, temperatura, estructura y salinidad de los suelos agrícolas. En primer lugar, se discuten los distintos tipos de acolchado más utilizados en la agricultura de regadío. Los acolchados de material plástico son los más utilizados por ser económicos, pero su uso intensivo está produciendo una contaminación de los suelos por su alta estabilidad y persistencia de sus restos. Por ello, el plástico está siendo progresivamente sustituido por otros materiales alternativos biodegradables de tipo orgánico (paja, corteza de pino, papel) o mineral (geotextiles). En segundo lugar, se sintetizan los resultados acerca del efecto de distintos tipos de acolchado sobre algunas variables del suelo. El acolchado reduce la evaporación directa del agua desde la superficie del suelo, mantiene una mayor humedad en el suelo, favorece la estabilidad estructural y fertilidad del suelo y reduce la evapoconcentración y salinización del suelo. Asimismo, desde el punto de vista térmico, el acolchado orgánico amortigua las fluctuaciones de temperatura del suelo, mientras que el acolchado plástico favorece el calentamiento del suelo lo que puede provocar la precocidad beneficiosa de ciertos productos hortícolas

The effects of mulching on crops, horticultural in particular, pathogens, pests and weeds have been extensively studied. In contrast, the mulching effects on soil physical and chemical characteristics have been less investigated. The aim of this bibliographic review is to analyze and synthesize relevant works carried out mainly in the last decade on the main effects of different types of inorganic and organic mulches on moisture, temperature, structure and salinity of agricultural soils. First, the different types of mulches most commonly used in irrigated agriculture are discussed. Plastic mulches are most widely used because they are the cheapest, but their intensive use is causing soil contamination due to their high stability and persistence of residues. Hence, plastic is being progressively substituted by other alternative biodegradable materials of organic (straw, pine bark, paper) or mineral (geotextiles) type. Secondly, the results about the effects of different types of mulches on several soil variables are summarized. Mulching reduces water evaporation from the soil surface, maintains higher soil moisture content, promotes the structural stability and fertility of soils and reduces evapoconcentration and soil salinization. Also, from a thermal point of view, organic mulches decrease soil temperature fluctuations whereas plastic mulches favour soil warming which may lead to a beneficial precocity of certain horticultural products

Country
Spain
Keywords

Mulch, Cloruro de polivinilo, Geotextiles, Evaporation, Plastic, Horticulture, Polietileno, Horticultura, Bark, Organic residues, Plástico, Mulching, Cubiertas de plástico, Paja, Polyvinyl chloride, Straw, Residuos orgánicos, Wood, Corteza, Madera, Propiedades físico - químicas suelo, Suelos y riegos, Polyethylene, Cubrimiento del suelo, Material orgánico de cobertura, Evaporación

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green