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Análisis de las pautas de riego en una comunidad de regantes con telecontrol

Authors: Stambouli, Talel Ben Bechir; Zapata Ruiz, María Valvanera; Faci González, José María;

Análisis de las pautas de riego en una comunidad de regantes con telecontrol

Abstract

[EN] En last the ten years, most of the processes of modernization have incorporated to their new infrastructures of irrigation telecontrol systems. These systems open many possibilities to the field of the management, nevertheless there is no tools that allow operating this new automatism, relegating the systems of telecontrol for control routines of the irrigation network operation. The Candasnos Irrigation District (CRC) is a community of pressurized irrigation very interesting from the point of view of the management, since it has been equipped with telecontrol for more than 10 years, and in his 5728 of irrigated land they coexist an important variety of pressurized irrigations systems. 74,5% of the surface has solid-set, the 18,5% of the surface is equipped with pívots and the rest of the surface (7%) with drip irrigation systems. The telecontrol data have allowed us to analyze the quality of the irrigation in the CRC for the principal crop (maize and alfalfa) by means of the study of the temporary evolution of the Annual Relative Irrigation Supply (ARIS) index. The telecontrol data have also allowed analyzing the guidelines of irrigation in stone fruit trees at the CRC. The wind spatial variability of the CRC has been characterized following the propose methodology by (Fliman and col., 2009). And the soil sampling has allowed us to have a characterization of soil of the community. Ten plots of solid set have been monitorized by the installation of pressure transducers with automatic data logger. Every 15 minutes the logger registered a data. The transducer was installed in a sprinkler of a representative sector of each one of the monitorized plots. The objective was to know the irrigation scheduling of each plot, hours of irrigation by sector, frequency of irrigation, etc. The results of the analysis of the telecontrol indicate that in general CRC apply the irrigation when the crops need it. The average Annual Relative Irrigation Supply for the district was 0.87, being 0.98 for maize and 0,68 for alfalfa. The results of the plot monitorization indicates that in general, the maize irrigation time for event is between 1-1,5 hours and between 2 – 3 hours for alfalfa. Besides, the irrigation frequency for maize is almost daily when the crop water requirements are maximum, whereas in alfalfa the interval between irrigations is something greater.

[ES] En los últimos diez años, la mayoría de los procesos de modernización de regadíos han incorporado a sus nuevas infraestructuras de riego sistemas de telecontrol. Estos sistemas abren muchas posibilidades al campo de la gestión, sin embargo no existen herramientas que permitan explotar estos nuevos automatismos, relegando los sistemas de telecontrol a tareas rutinarias de control del funcionamiento de la red. La Comunidad de Regantes de Candasnos (CRC) es una comunidad de riego presurizado muy interesante desde el punto de vista de la gestión de los riegos, ya que está dotada de telecontrol desde hace más de 10 años, y en sus 5728 ha de regadío conviven una importante variedad de riegos presurizados. El 74.5% de la superficie tiene cobertura fija, el 18.5% pívots y el resto de la superficie (7%) riego localizado. Los datos del telecontrol nos han permitido analizar la calidad del riego en la CRC para los cultivos mayoritarios (maíz y alfalfa) mediante el estudio de la evolución temporal del Índice Anual de Suministro de Riego (ARIS). Estos datos de telecontrol han permitido también analizar las pautas de riego en frutales de hueso de la CRC. También se ha caracterizado la variabilidad espacial del viento siguiendo la metodología propuesta por (Fliman y col., 2009). Y un muestreo de suelos nos ha permitido tener una caracterización de los suelos de la comunidad. Se monitorearon 10 parcelas de cobertura total con la instalación de transductores de presión con registro automático de datos cada 15 minutos en un aspersor de un sector representativo de cada una de las parcelas. El objetivo era conocer las programaciones que los agricultores realizan dentro de sus fincas, horas de riego por sector, frecuencia de riego, etc. Los resultados del análisis del telecontrol apuntan a que en general la CRC acompasa la aplicación de los riegos a las necesidades del cultivo, con un Índice Anuale de Suministro del Riego medio de la comunidad de 0,87, siendo el del maíz de 0,98 y el del alfalfa 0,68. El seguimiento de la parcelas indica que en general, los riegos que se aplican durante la campaña de riegos son de entre 1-1,5 horas para el maíz y entre 2 - 3h para la alfalfa. En cuanto a la frecuencia del riego, para el maíz el riego es casi diario en épocas de máxima demanda, mientras que en alfalfa el intervalo entre riegos es algo mayor.

Este Trabajo ha sido realizado con la ayuda financiera del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación mediante el proyecto AGL2007-66716-C03-02 y la ayuda predoctoral FPI-MICINN concedida al primer autor de este trabajo.

12 Pag., 3 Tabl., 5 Fig. En XXVIII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, León, 2010: http://www.congresoriegos-aeryd.org/

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Solid set, Riego por aspersión, Sprinkler, Control remoto, Índice de calidad del riego, Cobertura total, Irrigation scheduling, Regulated deficit irrigation, Index of irrigation performance, Riego deficitario controlado, Suelos y riegos, Pivote, Aspersión, Calendario de los riegos, Pivot, Calidad

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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