
handle: 10498/27248
Currently, maritime transport is one of the essential activities for the international trade. It results on the spread of potentially invasive species, which can threat the biodiversity, human health and the economy of affected countries. In order to prevent the spread of pathogenic organisms, the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water (BMW) was adopted in 2004. It stablished that any, mechanical, physical or chemical treatments should be used for the ballast waters. The main objective of this TFG will be to evaluate the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a possible environmentally friendly reagent for the treatment of ballast waters. The methodology has been based on a bibliographic search on eco-toxicological tests and analysis of the data obtained in the laboratory, followed by experiments to estimate the degradation ratesof the H2O2. Also, an evaluation of the risk of its discharge using MAMPEC hydrodynamic model have been carried out. The results obtained shown that cyanobacteria are more sensitive to the biocidal effect of H2O2 compared to larger toxigenic microalgae. The effective concentration to inactivate these microorganisms present in ballast water is estimated to be in the range of 10 – 20 mg H2O2 · L-1. For these H2O2 concentrations, there is no environmental risk in the discharges carried out at the habour. However, just at the time of discharge, the risk is considerable and should be deeply assessed.
Actualmente, el transporte marítimo supone una de las actividades esenciales para el comercio internacional. Este hecho da lugar a la propagación de especies exóticas potencialmente invasoras, amenazando la biodiversidad, la salud humana y la economía de los países afectados. Con el fin de evitar la propagación de organismos y/o agentes patógenos, en 2004 se adoptó el Convenio Internacional para el Control y Gestión del Agua de lastre (BMW), donde se emplean tratamientos mecánicos, físicos y químicos. El objetivo principal del presente TFG será evaluar el uso del peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) como posible biocida respetuoso con el medio ambiente. La metodología se ha basado en una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre ensayos eco-toxicológicos junto con la recopilación de datos obtenidos en laboratorio, seguido de experimentos para estimar las tasas de degradación del compuesto, y una evaluación del riesgo sobre su descarga mediante el uso del modelo hidrodinámico MAMPEC. Los resultados muestran que las cianobacterias presentan mayor sensibilidad al efecto biocida del H2O2 frente a microalgas tóxicas de mayor tamaño. Se estima como concentración efectiva para inactivar a organismos presentes en el agua de lastre el rango de 10 – 20 mg H2O2 · L-1. Para dichas concentraciones, no existe riesgo ambiental en las descargas realizadas en la zona portuaria, sin embargo, justo en el momento de la descarga el riesgo es considerable y debe ser valorado.
especies invasoras, agua de lastre, Transporte marítimo, riesgo ambiental, peróxido de hidrógeno
especies invasoras, agua de lastre, Transporte marítimo, riesgo ambiental, peróxido de hidrógeno
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