
handle: 10498/21602
La variabilidad de los ciclones tropicales del Atlántico Norte está vinculada a los cambios en la temperatura superficial del mar en esta cuenca. Bajo condiciones de calentamiento global, es imprescindible anticipar cómo se verán afectados los ciclones tropicales por el cambio climático. Para este fin se hace necesario comprender qué factores determinan su variabilidad interanual, y establecer si, acaso, existe una tendencia en su número o características en las últimas décadas. Los ciclones atlánticos se encuentran fuertemente influenciados por el clima tropical, ya que es allí, donde se localiza la principal región de desarrollo (MDR) de los huracanes. Por ello para obtener una visión general, son considerados la Oscilación Multidecenal (AMO) y Meridional (AMM) del Atlántico y El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENSO). La base de datos de huracanes (HURDAT2, Centro Nacional de Huracanes (NHC)) es procesada a través de un código FORTRAN e incorporada en una malla 2º x 2º, permitiendo la clasificación de datos de diferentes maneras. Con el objetivo mejorar de la calidad del análisis, el periodo de tiempo estudiado se limitó desde 1950 hasta 2017 debido a la mayor precisión de los datos. La AMO y el AMM son factores relevantes para la variabilidad a largo plazo de la actividad ciclónica. Estos modos afectan a diferentes parámetros ciclónicos, como la frecuencia, duración e intensidad, mostrando una mayor correlación con los huracanes mayores. Además, existe un desplazamiento en el área de ciclogénesis y un cambio importante en la distribución espacial de las trayectorias de los ciclones. También se observa que el impacto de ENSO en la actividad ciclónica del Atlántico está limitado a las regiones del mar Caribe y del golfo de México.
The variability of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic is linked with changes in the sea surface temperature in this basin. Under global warming conditions, it is imperative to know how tropical cyclones will be affected by climate change. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand what factors determine their interannual variability, and to determine if there is a trend in their number or characteristics during the last decades. Atlantic cyclones are strongly influenced by tropical climate, because it is there where the hurricanes main development region (MDR) is located. Therefore, to have a deeper insight the main tropical variability modes in that region are considered: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and El Niño- Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The hurricane database (HURDAT2, National Hurricane Centre (NHC)) is processed though a FORTRAN code and incorporated into a 2º x 2º grid, allowing data sorting in different ways. In order to improve the quality of the analysis, the studied time period was limited from 1950 to 2017 due to the greater data accuracy. The AMO and AMM are relevant factors for long-term variability of the cyclonic activity. These modes affect different cyclonic parameters, such as frequency, duration and intensity, showing a larger correlation with major hurricanes. In addition, there is a displacement of the tropical cyclones genesis area and notable changes in their spatial distribution of the cyclone tracks. Also it is observed that ENSO impact on the cyclonic activity of the Atlantic is limited to the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico regions.
Major hurricane, climate change, hurricane, tropical cyclones, AMM, ENSO, AMO
Major hurricane, climate change, hurricane, tropical cyclones, AMM, ENSO, AMO
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