
handle: 10495/5432
RESUMEN: Se evaluó la decoloración de aguas residuales sintéticas y reales de la industria textil empleando el hongo de la pudrición blanca de la madera anamorfo R1 de Bjerkandera sp. Se analizó el efecto de la presencia de las sales NaCl y Na2CO3, de la concentración del agua residual y de la esterilización, sobre el grado de decoloración. También se evaluó el efecto de la decoloración sobre la toxicidad frente a la bacteria bioluminiscente Vibrio fischeri. Los resultados demostraron que la presencia de sales incrementan la actividad de la enzima ligninoperoxidasa de 5 a 20 U/L, sin detrimento de la actividad de manganeso peroxidasa (70 U/L). Además, se observó que las sales incrementan el grado de adsorción del colorante a la biomasa del hongo, mejorando la decoloración por efecto de ambos mecanismos, degradación y adsorción. El porcentaje de decoloración alcanzado con aguas sintéticas suplementadas con sales fue del 75%. El tratamiento de decoloración de efluentes textil es en condiciones estériles, alcanzó un 65% en 8 días y se obtuvo una reducción de su toxicidad del 58% respecto a las aguas reales sin tratar. Con efluentes textiles no estériles, se alcanzó una decoloración del 40%. La presencia de microorganismos contaminantes competidores del sustrato y el incremento del pH por el metabolismo de los hongos, fueron probablemente las principales causas de la baja decoloración.
ABSTRACT: Decolorization of synthetic and industrial wastewaters from textile industry by the anamorph R1 of white rot fungi Bjerkandera sp. was evaluated. The presence of NaCl and Na2CO3 wastewater concentration and treatment with non-sterile wastewater on decolorization were analyzed. In addition, the decolorization effect on wastewater toxicity was analyzed with Vibrio fischeri as target microorganism. The presence of salts in the treatment increased the lignin peroxidase activity from 5 to 20 U/L, without detriment of manganese peroxidase activity which remained at 70 U/L, also. The presence of salts also enhances dye adsorption degree over fungi biomass, improving the decolorization by the two mechanisms, degradation and adsorption. In hipersaline synthetic wastewater, the percentage of decolorization was 75%. The decolorization treatment of sterile textile effluents reached 65% in 8 days and the toxicity reduction was 58% with respect to untreated textile effluents. In non-sterile textile effluents, only 40% of decolorization was obtained. The presence of contaminant microorganisms which compete by substrate and increase pH by fungus metabolism, were likely the main causes of low decolorization.
570, textile wastewater, dye, toxicity, efluentes textiles, Toxicidad, Hongos ligninolíticos, decoloración, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), hongos ligninolíticos, decolorization, White-rot fungi, bjerkandera sp, Bjerkandera sp, Decoloración, toxicidad, TA1-2040
570, textile wastewater, dye, toxicity, efluentes textiles, Toxicidad, Hongos ligninolíticos, decoloración, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), hongos ligninolíticos, decolorization, White-rot fungi, bjerkandera sp, Bjerkandera sp, Decoloración, toxicidad, TA1-2040
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