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Kõrreliste helelaiksuse tekitaja Zymoseptoria tritici fungitsiidiresistentsus

Zymoseptoria tritici fungicide resistance in wheat
Authors: Juurik, Marite;

Kõrreliste helelaiksuse tekitaja Zymoseptoria tritici fungitsiidiresistentsus

Abstract

The significant decrease in the yield of the popular food crop wheat is caused by the Septoria tritici blotch, caused by the pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. The use of fungicides helps to inhibit the activity and spread of pathogens. Azoles, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and strobilurins are mainly used to control Z. tritici. The study aimed to compare the development of susceptibility of the Z. tritici Estonian population to fungicides between 2019 and 2020. Another aim was to determine the mutations in target proteins causing fungicide resistance in the population of Z. tritici prevalent in Estonia in 2019 and 2020. In two years, a total of 283 single spore isolates of Z. tritici were isolated from Estonian winter wheat fields. In each isolate, fungicide susceptibility to azoles was determined by the microtiter plate method and sequencing the pointmutations in target protein genes (CYP51, SdhB, SdhC and CytB). In the comparison of 2019 and 2020, it was found that the sensitivity of azoles varied in the Estonian Z. tritici population. The susceptibility of epoxiconazole and mefentrifluconazole increased, the susceptibility of prothioconazole-destio decreased, and the resistance to tebuconazole prevailed. Decreased sensitivity can be associated with mutations in target proteins. Pointmutations D134G, V136A/C, A379G, I381V and S524T were common in the target protein CYP51. D134G, V136C, A379G and S524T showed an upward trend. The frequency of V136A and I381V decreased in the two-year comparison. The predominant mutation in the population was I381V. The strongest association with azole resistance is with S524T mutation. The SdhC mutations N33T, N34T and N86S of the SDHI target protein are common in the Estonian Z. tritici population. For the first time, the N225I mutation in the SdhB protein was detected in the Estonian population. None of the SdhC and SdhB mutations significantly decrease the sensitivity of SDHIs. The G143A mutation in the strobilurin target protein CytB is present in 44 to 49 % of isolates, but varies widely between the counties. Azoles, SDHIs and strobilurins are suitable for use in Estonia to control the Septoria tritici blotch, but it is recommended to rotate different active ingredients to minimize the risk of developing fungicide resistance. The choice of control measures should also take regional specificities into account. Further research is required to enable farmers to prevent fungicide resistance and to use active substances to which the pathogen is sensitive.

Populaarse toiduteravilja nisu olulist saagikuse langust põhjustab kõrreliste helelaiksus, mida põhjustab patogeen Zymoseptoria tritici. Fungitsiidide kasutamine aitab pärssida patogeenide elutegevust ja levikut. Peamiselt kasutatakse Z. tritici tõrjeks fungitsiidirühmadest asoole, suktsinaatdehüdrogenaasi inhibiitoreid ja strobiluriine. Töö eesmärgiks oli võrrelda Z. tritici fungitsiidide tundlikkuse arengut 2019. ja 2020. aasta vahel ja määrata 2019. ja 2020. aastatel Eestis levinud Z. tritici populatsioonis fungitsiidiresistentsust põhjustavad märklaudvalkude mutatsioonid. Eesti talinisu põldudelt isoleeriti kahel aastal kokku 283 Z. tritici puhaskultuuri. Isolaatidel määrati fungitsiidide tundlikkus mikrotiiterplaadimeetodil asoolide suhtes ning mutatsioonid märklaudvalkude geenides (CYP51, SdhB, SdhC ja CytB). 2019 ja 2020 aasta võrdluses leiti, et asoolide tundlikkus toimeainete suhtes oli Eesti Z. tritici populatsioonis varieeruv. Epoksikonasooli ja mefentriflukonasooli tundlikkus suurenes, protiokonasool-destio tundlikkus vähenes ning esines resistentsus tebukonasooli suhtes. Tundlikkuse vähenemist saab seostada märklaudvalkudes tekkinud mutatsioonidega. Asoolide märklaudvalgus CYP51-s olid levinud mutatsioonid D134G, V136A/C, G379A, I381V ja S524T. Tõusutrendi näitasid D134G, V136C, A379G ja S524T. V136A ja I381V sagedus langes kahe aasta võrdluses. Domineerivaim mutatsioon oli I381V. Kõige tugevam seos on asoolide resistentsuse tekkega mutatsioonil S524T. SDHI märklaudvalgu SdhC mutatsioonid N33T, N34T ja N86S on Eesti Z. tritici populatsioonis levinud. Esmakordselt avastati Eesti populatsioonis valgus SdhB esinev mutatsioon N225I. Ükski SdhC ja SdhB mutatsioonidest ei langeta märkimisväärselt SDHI-de tundlikkust. Strobiluriinide märklaudvalgus CytB olev mutatsioon G143A, mis tekitab resistentsuse, esineb 44 kuni 49 % isolaatidest, kuid varieerub tugevalt maakonniti. Kõrreliste helelaikuse tõrjeks sobivad Eestis kasutamiseks nii asoolid, SDHI-d kui strobiluriinid, kuid soovitav on omavahel vahetada erinevaid toimeaineid fungitsiidide resistentsuse tekkeriski minimeerimiseks. Tõrjevahendite valikul tuleks lähtuda ka piirkondlikest eripäradest. Töö vajab edasisi uuringuid, et põllumajandustootjad saaksid ennetada kõrreliste helelaiksuse tekitaja fungitsiidiresistentsust ja kasutada toimeaineid, millele haigustekitaja tundlik on.

Country
Estonia
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Keywords

kõrreliste helelaiksus, SDHI, fungitsiidiresistentsus, strobiluriin, magistritööd, asool, CYP51 geen

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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