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handle: 10492/3226
Herneskarbid (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae: Pisidium spp.) on suure morfoloogilise varieeruvusega, mistõttu on kirjeldatud palju liike, vorme ja varieteete, millest paljusid on hiljem käsitletud sünonüümidena. Ühed morfoloogiliselt kõige rohkem varieeruvamad liigid on Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791) ja P. nitidum Jenyns, 1832. Nende liikide tuntuimad vormid on P. casertanum f. ponderosa Stelfox, 1918 ja P. nitidum f. crassa Stelfox, 1918. Neid vorme on mitmed autorid käsitlenud ka iseseisvate liikidena. Käesoleva töö eesmärk on selgitada, kas P. casertanum ja P. casertanum f. ponderosa ning P. nitidum ja P. nitidum f. crassa on erinevad liigid. Selleks on võrreldud nende vormide morfomeetrilisi andmeid, koja frontaallõike väliskontuure ja COI geeni. Morfomeetrilise analüüsi tulemusena selgus, et liigi P. casertanum tüüpilise vormi ja vormi ponderosa vahel erinesid enamus uuritud koja indekseid statistiliselt oluliselt. Koja väliskontuurides ei olnud nende vormide vahel erinevusi, seega ei saa väliskontuure võrdlevat meetodit kasutada nende vormide eristamiseks. DNA sekveneerimine õnnestus liigi P. casertanum vormi ponderosa puhul, kuid ei õnnestunud tüüpilise vormi puhul. Liigi P. casertanum vormi ponderosa geenijärjestused ei erine oluliselt GenBank'is olevatest tüüpilise vormi järjestustest, mistõttu ei saa vormi ponderosa pidada iseseisvaks liigiks. Liigi P. nitidum tüüpilise vormi ja vormi crassa vahel erinesid kõik morfomeetrilised indeksid statistiliselt oluliselt. Samuti erinesid mõlema vormi koja väliskontuurid üksteisest, seega on võimalik väliskontuuri kasutada nende vormide eristamisel ühe määramistunnusena. DNA sekveneerimine õnnestus liigi P. nitidum tüüpilise vormi puhul, kuid mitte vormi crassa puhul. Seetõttu ei saa vormi crassa geneetilist iseseisvust kinnitada.
Pea clams (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae: Pisidium spp.) are morphologically highly variable, therefore there are described many species, forms and varieties, many of which are later considered as synonymes. Amongst the most variable species are Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791) and P. nitidum Jenyns, 1832. Their most known forms are P. casertanum f. ponderosa Stelfox, 1918 and P. nitidum f. crassa Stelfox, 1918. These forms have also been considered as separate species by many authors. The aim of the current study was to clarify if forms ponderosa and crassa are independent species. In this purpose I compared shell morphometrical data, shell frontal section contour and COI gene. According to the morphometrical analyses, P. casertanum differs from P. casertanum f. ponderosa by most of the studied shell indices. The shell frontal section contour did not differ between these two forms, therefore the method of comparing shell frontal section contour cannot be used to distinguish them. DNA sequencing was successful for the form ponderosa but not for the typical form of P. casertanum. COI gene sequences of the form ponderosa did not differ significantly from the sequences of the typical form obtained from GenBank. Therefore P. casertanum f. ponderosa cannot be considered as independent species. Pisidium nitidum and P. nitidum f. crassa differed statistically significantly by all studied shell indices. The shell frontal section contour was different between P. nitidum and P. nitidum f. crassa. Therefore this contour can be used as a characteristic for distinguishing these two forms. The sequencing was successful only for the typical form of P. nitidum. Consequently the genetic independence P. nitidum f. crassa cannot be confirmed.
süstemaatika, magistritööd, herneskarbid, geneetika
süstemaatika, magistritööd, herneskarbid, geneetika
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