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handle: 10492/3218
The rapid development of intensive agriculture and the increasing use of mineral and organic fertilisers can harm the environment through the leaching of nutrients unused by plants. In addition to preventing environmental risks, farmers could be able to gain greater efficiency from their crops and fertilisers as well as improve the soil in which the plants thrive. The thesis at hand gives an overview of the 2016 test carried out at the Estonian Crop Research Institue in Jõgeva, concerning catch crops and their agrotechnology. The test included developing a total of five different catch crops — white mustard, Tillage radish, Alexandrian clover, hairy vetch, and buckwheat. White mustard and Tillage radish are the two crops with the largest biomass — white mustard offers the largest biomass above the ground and Tillage radish grows its main biomass in the roots. According to the data from the test, Tillage radish is also the best in binding nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; in the accumulation of calcium, however, both white mustard and Tillage radish stand above the rest. The best magnesium binders are white mustard and buckwheat. In terms of agrotechnology, four different tillage technologies were compared — conventional tillage, minimal tillage, no till, and strip till. These technologies were assessed according to their advantages and disadvantages, suitable catch crops were recommended for each technology.
Intensiivse põllumajanduse kiire areng ning suurenev mineraalsete ja orgaaniliste väetiste kasutamine võivad ohustada keskkonda taimede poolt kasutamata jäänud toitainete leostumisel. Peale keskkonnaohu vältimise oleks võimalik põllumehel saada ka oma põllukultuuridest ja väetistest suuremat efektiivsust ning muuta mulda kui taimede elukeskkonda positiivselt. Käesolev töö annab ülevaate 2016. aastal läbi viidud vahekultuuride katsest Eesti Taimekasvatuse Instituudis Jõgeval ning vahekultuuride agrotehnikast. Katses kasvatati kokku viit erinevat vahekultuuri, milleks olid valge sinep, Tillage radish, aleksandria ristik, talivikk ja tatar. Hinnati kultuuride biomassi moodustamise ja toitainete sidumise võimet. Kõige suurema biomassi moodustasid valge sinep ja Tillage radish, millest suurima maapealse biomassi moodustas valge sinep ja suurima juurte biomassi Tillage radish. Parimaks lämmastiku, fosfori ja kaaliumi sidujaks osutus katse andmete põhjal samuti Tillage radish, kuid kaltsiumi akumuleerumise poolest olid valge sinep ja Tillage radish ilma usutava erinevuseta suurimad. Parimad magneesiumi sidujad olid valge sinep ja tatar. Agrotehnika osas võrreldi nelja erinevat viljelustehnoloogiat: künnipõhist harimist, minimeeritud harimist, otsekülvi ja ribaharimist. Iga viljelustehnoloogia juures toodi välja eelised ja puudused ning soovitati tehnoloogiasse sobivaid vahekultuure.
uued vahekultuurid, bakalaureusetööd, biomass, toitainete sidumine, agrotehnoloogia
uued vahekultuurid, bakalaureusetööd, biomass, toitainete sidumine, agrotehnoloogia
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