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handle: 10492/2090
It is a growing tendency in geodesy to use RTK GNSS method for determining heights because it is economically more practical than classical methods like geometric leveling. In order to find out for which works the RTK method is suitable for it is necessary to know its actual accuracy. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of the measurements of absolute height with the RTK GNSS method by conducting measurements at Raadi district in Tartu. Geometric leveling and determining height by GNSS device were used. Comparing the trials results it came clear that RTK GNSS height accuracy in the Raadi district in Tartu was in the interval from 0.6 cm to 5.6 cm, the average accuracy was 2.6±1.5 cm, but the maximum error was 10.8 cm if only one initialization would have been made. Acquired results referred to either geoid model systematic shift or to systematic bias in the heights of the base stations of the used RTK network, because all errors were with same sign. In case of random distribution of errors there should be both, positive and negative errors. Error estimation of RTK height measurement from this study confirmed results from the earlier researches. But unlike in researches made earlier it was not noticed in this research that GNSS measurements in conditions with restricted horizon would be more inaccurate than the measurements in the condition with open horizon. When developing the research further and by using a larger amount of samples the accuracy of the RTK GNSS heights of all of Tartu could be determined. For better accuracy the geoid model should be fitted with more geodetic points in Tartu area.
Geodeesias kasutatakse üha enam kõrguste määramiseks RTK GNSS meetodit kuna see on majanduslikult otstarbekam kui klassikalised meetodid, milleks on näiteks geomeetriline nivelleerimine. Et välja selgitada millisteks töödeks RTK meetod sobib on vaja teada selle tegelikku täpsust. Antud töö eesmärgiks on välja selgitada RTK GNSS meetodil tehtud mõõtmiste kõrgusmäärangu täpsus Tartu Raadi linnaosa näitel. Töös kasutatud andmed saadi mõõtmiste teel. Kasutati geomeetrilist nivelleerimist ja GNSS seadmega kõrguse määramist. Saadud tulemuste võrdlemisel selgus, et RTK GNSS kõrgusmäärangu täpsus Tartus Raadi piirkonnas on vahemikus 0,6-5,6 cm, keskmine täpsus on 2,6±1,5 cm. Kuid äärmised vead ulatusid isegi kuni 10,8 cm üksiku mõõtmise korral. Saadud tulemused viitasid kas geoidi mudeli süstemaatilisele nihkele, kuna kõik vead olid samasuguse märgiga või süstemaatilisele nihkele kasutatud püsijaamade võrgu kõrgustes. Vigade juhusliku jaotuse korral peaks olema vigu nii positiivse kui negatiivse märgiga. Saadud veahinnang on samas suurusjärgus varasemate uuringutega. Antud töö puhul ei tulnud välja, et rasketes tingimustes on GNSS kõrgusmäärangu täpsus halvem, mida on aga täheldatud varasemates uuringutes. Antud tööd edasi arendades saaks välja selgitada RTK GNSS kõrgusmäärangu täpsuse terves Tartu linnas, kasutades selleks suuremat valimit. Parema täpsuse saavutamiseks tuleks täpsustada geoidi mudelit, sobitades seda rohkemate geodeetiliste punktidega.
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