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handle: 10492/1715
Käesoleva töö eesmärkideks oli välja selgitada kohamaimude Artemia salina vähikvastsetega söötmiseks sobiv päevane intervall ja arteemiaga söötmise sobiva perioodi pikkus enne üleminekut kuivsöödale, hinnates seda kalade ellujäämuse seisukohalt. Koguti kirjandust arteemia bioloogia, paljundamise ja kalade arteemiaga söötmise võimaluste kohta ning koostati selle teema ülevaade. Katsed tehti 2008. aasta veebruaris ja märtsis Taani kohafarmis Danish Pikeperch A/S. Katsetes kasutati kolme päeva eest koorunud kalu, kellele hakati söötma arteemia püsimunadest inkubeeritud esimese astme vähikvastseid. Katsete tegemisel pidime lähtuma sellest, et tegemist ei olnud teadusasutusega ja tuli arvestada tootmise korraldusega, et saavutada parim tulemus tootmise seisukohast. Puudus võimalus teha võrdluskatseid, mis oleksid võinud anda negatiivseid tulemusi. Esimene katse tehti ajavahemikul 9.02.2008-12.02.2008. Katsekalad paigutati kolme 75-l basseini, 20 000 tükki igasse. Kalu söödeti kahe-, nelja- ja kaheteisttunniste intervallidega. Oluliseks osutus söötmise intervall. Ellujäämus oli kõikides gruppides peaaegu 100%. Vähese kalade hukkumise taga oli kindlasti ka see, et vastavalt olukorrale tehti etteantava sööda kogustes operatiivselt muudatusi ja ülemäärane söötmine lõpetati kiiresti. Optimaalne tulemus saadi kalu ja basseinide vett hinnates 4-tunniste vahedega söötmisel. Võib järeldada, et ülesöötmine ja liiga tihe või liiga harv söötmisrežiim ei ole otstarbekad. Teine katse tehti ajavahemikul 15.02.2008–8.03.2008. Katsekalad paigutati kolme 75-l basseini, 20 000 vastset igasse. Katses söödeti kalu 4-tunniste intervallidega, et saada teada maimude ellujäämise seisukohalt optimaalne arteemiaga söötmise aeg enne kuivsöödale üleminekut. Esimeses katsegrupis söödeti kalu 13 päeva, teises 20 päeva ja seejärel mindi üle kuivsöödale. Kolmandas ehk kontrollgrupis söödeti maime 27 päeva ainult arteemiaga. Hea tulemus saadi 13 päeva kestnud arteemiaga söötmisel. Ellujäämus selles grupis oli 75%. Teises grupis oli ellujäämus 68% ja kontrollgrupis 65%. Nagu võis näha kontrollgrupist on kalad võimelised üle elama ka pikemaajalist ainult arteemiaga söötmist. Kuid kalamaimude kiiremaks kasvamiseks on otstarbekam minna kuivsöödale üle varem. Samuti annab varasem kuivsöödale üleminek rahalist kokkuhoidu, sest arteemiaga söötmine on kallis. Vastupidiselt arvamusele, et arteemia esimese astme vähikvastne on kohamaimudele liiga suur toiduobjekt, näitasid meie katsed, et vähikvastsed on kohamaimudele sobivaks stardisöödaks. Milline on arteemiaga toidetud kalade juurdekasv võrreldes keriloomade, aerjalgsetega või ainult kuivsöödaga kasvatatud noorkalade juurdekasvuga, vajab edaspidist uurimist.
The objective of this work was to find out optimal from point of view of survival daily frequency of feeding pike perch fingerlings with Artemia salina nauplii and length of feeding period before substituting artemia with dry feed. The literature about biology of artemia, about reproduction and feeding schemes was collected and overview of these questions compiled. The trials were made from 9.02.2008 to 8.03.2008 in Danish Pikeperch A/S fish farm in Denmark. The trial was started with three days old pike perch fingerlings. There were limits set to the trials as the work was completed in a small commercial enterprise instead of an experimental farm. We had to accommodate with the production arrangement to get the best results considering the production and we had no possibility to complete comparing trials that could give negative result. Trial 1 was made during period 9.02 - 12.02.2008. The fish in this trial were stocked to three 75-liter tanks, 20 000 in each. Fish were fed in every two, four and twelve hours. Not the amount but the feeding frequency was the most important factor. Survival in all groups was nearly 100%. The causes of the low mortality rate were the quick adjustments of feed amounts as the overfeeding was canceled fast. The optimal result estimated by watching the fish and the water in tanks, was reached with the four hour interval of feeding. We may say that overfeeding as well as too frequent or rare feeding is not reasonable. Trial 2 was made during 15.02.2008 till 8.03.2008. The fishes in trial were stocked to three 75-liter tanks, 20 000 into each. Fish of all groups were fed in every four hours, to find out the optimum time of using artemia before substituting it with dry feed, which grants the best survival. In group 1 changeover to dry feed was started in day 14, in group 2 it started in day 21 and group 3 (control group) was fed only with artemia. Good result was got while feeding larvae 13 days with artemia. Survival in this group was 75%. In group 2 survival was 68% and in the control group 65%. As we could see from the results of feeding control group the fish are capable to survive for a long period time while being fed only with artemia. But it is reasonable to switch over to dry feed earlier if we require the fish to grow faster. Switching to dry feed earlier also gives us financial benefit, because feeding with artemia is expensive. Our trial showed the opinion as artemia nauplii are too big for start feeding the pike perch fingerlings is not right. It needs further experiments, where the fish fed with artemia are compared with the fish fed with rotifers and copepods or only with dry feed.
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