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Jõevähi (Astacus astacus L.) lapihaiguse levimus Eestis

The prevalence of burn spot disease in the Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus L.) in Estonia
Authors: Toomsalu, Ott Aksel;

Jõevähi (Astacus astacus L.) lapihaiguse levimus Eestis

Abstract

Lapihaigus on koorikloomadel esinev haigus, mis võib kahjustada nende populatsioonide elujõulisust. Eestis kujutab haigus ohtu jõevähile (Astacus astacus), kes on Eesti ainus looduslik vähiliik ning kelle arvukus on viimastel aastakümnetel vähenenud. Varasemad uuringud on näidanud, et lapihaigus on Eesti vähiveekogudes laialt levinud, kuid haiguse leviku kohta puudus ajakohane terviklik ülevaade. Käesoleva töö eesmärk oli hinnata lapihaiguse levimust Eesti jõevähi populatsioonides aastatel 1993–2024. Töös kasutatud andmed pärinesid Eesti Maaülikooli veterinaarmeditsiini ja loomakasvatuse instituudi vesiviljeluse õppetooli poolt loodud vähipüükide andmebaasist, kuhu on koondatud leviku-, seire- ja harrastuspüügiandmed alates 1993. aastast. Andmeid töödeldi programmides Microsoft Excel ja R 4.5.1. Analüüsis hinnati lapihaiguse levimust maakondade ja veekogutüüpide lõikes ning uuriti võimalikke seoseid haiguse levimuse ja vähipopulatsiooni tiheduse vahel. Tulemused näitasid, et lapihaigus on Eestis laialt levinud ning seda tuvastati kokku 118-s veekogus, millest 34 on praegu lapihaigus tõenäoliselt levinud. Kõige rohkem haigusega veekogusid registreeriti Saare-, Harju- ja Ida-Virumaal, samas kui Hiiumaal haigust ei tuvastatud. Võrreldes varasemate uuringutega on lapihaigust nüüdseks registreeritud märgatavalt suuremas hulgas veekogudes, mis võib viidata nii haiguse leviku laienemisele kui ka seire paranemisele. Veekogutüüpide võrdluses ilmnes, et vooluveekogudes oli haiguse levimus keskmiselt kõrgem ja varieeruvam kui seisuveekogudes. Statistiliselt olulist seost lapihaiguse levimuse ja vähipopulatsiooni tiheduse vahel ei leitud. Tulemused viitavad sellele, et lapihaiguse levikut mõjutavad tõenäoliselt rohkem keskkonnategurid, veekogude ühendatus ja inimtegevus kui populatsiooni tihedus üksi. Kuigi lapihaigus ei põhjusta tavaliselt kiireid massilisi suremusi nagu vähikatk, võib selle pikaajaline mõju vähendada jõevähi populatsioonide elujõulisust. Seetõttu on oluline jätkata haiguse seiret ning uurida täpsemalt haiguse levikut mõjutavaid keskkonna- ja bioloogilisi tegureid.

Burn spot disease is a crustacean disease that may negatively affect population viability. In Estonia, the disease threatens the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), the country’s only native crayfish species, whose abundance has declined during recent decades. Previous studies have shown that burn spot disease is widespread in Estonian crayfish habitats, but a comprehensive overview of its current distribution has been lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of burn spot disease in Estonian noble crayfish populations between 1993 and 2024. The study was based on data from the crayfish catch database maintained by the Chair of Aquaculture at the Estonian University of Life Sciences. The database includes annual monitoring, distribution, and recreational catch data collected since 1993. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and R version 4.5.1. The prevalence of burn spot disease was analysed across counties and waterbody types, and possible relationships between disease prevalence and crayfish population density (CPUE) were assessed. Burn spot disease was detected in 118 waterbodies across Estonia, 34 of which have a high chance of burn spot disease infection currently. The highest numbers of affected waterbodies were recorded in Saare, Harju, and Ida-Viru counties, while no cases were detected in Hiiumaa. Disease prevalence was generally higher and more variable in flowing waters than in standing waters. No statistically significant relationship was found between disease prevalence and crayfish population density. The results suggest that environmental conditions, waterbody connectivity, and human activity may play a greater role in disease spread than population density alone. Continued monitoring and further research are necessary to better understand factors influencing the spread of burn spot disease.

Country
Estonia
Related Organizations
Keywords

jõevähk, Fusarium avenaceum, bakalaureusetööd, vähipopulatsioon, CPUE, lapihaigus

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average