The paper summarizes the results of development of the aerosol method, one of the mass ways of human vaccination. Analysis of materials suggests that Russia has designed highly effective live plague, tularemia, and anthrax vaccines that can be used to immunize in different ways: by epicutaneous and subcutaneous, and inhalation routes. The advantages and disadvantages of aerosol vaccination are shown. The correct use of this method provides a substantial effect when the epidemic situation is complicated and when there is a need for vaccination of large cohorts at the earliest possible time.