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Doctoral thesis . 2023
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Tumor-on-a-chip devices for in vitro modelling of nanomedicine transport

Dispositivos tumor-on-a-chip para el modelado in vitro del transporte de nanomedicinas
Authors: Dávila Martínez, Sergio;

Tumor-on-a-chip devices for in vitro modelling of nanomedicine transport

Abstract

En la última década, la nanomedicina se ha convertido en una alternativa prometedora para el tratamiento contra el cáncer por las ventajas potenciales que ofrece sobre las terapias tradicionales. Estas derivan de la entrega selectiva del medicamento a las células tumorales mediante lo que se ha denominado efecto de permeabilidad y retención aumentada (EPR), evitando así los efectos tóxicos sistémicos asociados con los tratamientos contra el cáncer. Se han desarrollado numerosas formulaciones de nanomedicinas que han resultado eficaces en modelos 2D de cultivos celulares y en modelos animales, pero muy pocas de ellas han pasado a la etapa de ensayo clínico debido a la falta de eficacia o inconsistencias entre los efectos o la respuesta observada. En este sentido, el poder predictivo de los modelos actuales para evaluar la toxicología y la eficacia de las nuevas nano terapias es limitado, principalmente porque estos modelos no son capaces de predecir adecuadamente los procesos farmacocinéticos de transporte y biodistrubución de las nanomedicinas. Hoy en día, los dispositivos de órgano en un chip y, en particular de tumor en un chip, han surgido como una plataforma de predicción preclínica superior. Son plataformas capaces de recapitular invitro el microambiente tumoral, y permiten examinar de forma práctica los parámetros de transporte de las nanomedicinas así como de su eficacia, para predecir y desarrollar nuevas terapias de manera más eficiente. Esta tesis se enfoca en el desarrollo de dispositivos microfluídicos de tumor en un chip, recreando invitro las principales barreras al transporte de nanomedicinas para el estudio de los procesos de extravasación, penetración y acumulación tumoral. Con este fin, en esta tesis se han diseñado y fabricado varios dispositivos de tumor en un chip para crear los microentornos necesarios, incluyendo barreras endoteliales y esferoides tumorales. Posteriormente, se han evaluado las rutas de extravasación de nanopartículas, así como su penetración y acumulación en esferoides tumorales. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que la extravasación de nanopartículas sigue mayoritariamente una ruta inter endotelial a través de los espacios inter-celulares de la barrera endotelial, lo que respalda el efecto EPR como dogma central de la nanomedicina. Además, demostramos que diferencias mínimas en las propiedades fisicoquímicas de las nanopartículas pueden conducir a diferencias significativas en el transporte de las mismas a través de matrices extracelulares, así como en la penetración y acumulación en esferoides tumorales

In the last decade, nanomedicine has become a promising alternative for cancer treatment due to the potential advantages it offers over traditional therapies. These advantages are related with the capacity of selective delivery of the drugs to the tumor cells through what has been called the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, avoiding the systemic side effects associated with anticancer treatments. Several nanomedicine formulations have been developed and found to be effective in 2D cell culture and animal models, but very few of these have reached the clinical trial stage due to lack of efficacy or inconsistencies between effects or the response. In this regard, the predictive power of current models to assess the toxicology and efficacy of new therapies is limited, mainly because these models are not able to adequately predict the pharmacokinetic processes of transport and nanomedicine biodistribution. Nowadays, organ-on-a-chip devices and, in particular tumor-on-a-chip devices, have emerged as a superior preclinical predictive platform. These platforms can recapitulate the tumor microenvironment in-vitro, enabling the prediction of the anti-tumor efficacy of nanomedicines and in addition, the investigation of their transport parameters that serve to better predict their behavior in vivo and support a more efficient development of new therapies. This thesis focuses on the development of microfluidic tumor-on-a-chip devices, recreating in-vitro the main barriers to the transport of nanomedicines for the study of tumor extravasation, penetration and accumulation processes. To do so, in this thesis, several tumor-on-a-chip devices have been designed and fabricated to recreate the necessary microenvironments, including endothelial barriers and tumor spheroids. Subsequently, the extravasation routes of nanoparticles have been evaluated, as well as their penetration and accumulation in tumor spheroids. Our findings show that nanoparticle extravasation mostly follows the interendothelial route through the intercellular gaps between cells in the endothelial barrier, supporting the EPR effect as central dogma in nanomedicine. In addition, we show that minimal differences in the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles can lead to significant differences in their transport through extracellular matrices, as well as in their penetration and accumulation into tumor spheroids

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada. Fecha de Lectura: 05-05-2023

Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 05-11-2024

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Nanomedicina, Nanopartículas, Predicción (medicina), Física

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research