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Pensamiento al Margen
Article . 2020
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Biblos-e Archivo
Article . 2020
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Nacionalismos y naciones árabes

Nationalisms and arab nations
Authors: Martín Muñoz, Gema;

Nacionalismos y naciones árabes

Abstract

La primera generación árabe de la descolonización fue cohesionada en torno a los nacionalismos como ideología movilizadora y productora de un sistema de valores políticos y sociales. Si bien en Oriente Medio ese proceso estuvo bloqueado inicialmente por la “fabricación” europea de las llamadas “minorías nacionales” y la imposición de Estados sin proyecto nacional colectivo. El nacionalismo que lidera las independencias creará un modelo de Estado-nación basado en la legitimidad histórica y el pacto social entre Estado protector y sociedad, lo cual generará un modelo autoritario de poder. El panarabismo será la ideología predominante desde los años 50 aportando un sistema de valores que visibilizará su fracaso ante la nueva generación en la década de los 70. La fractura que se abre entre esa segunda generación poscolonial y los regímenes que les gobiernan, traerá consigo el declive radical de la izquierda panarabista a favor del islamismo. Asimismo, toda una serie de conflictos y tensiones desde el 2003 situarán a Iraq, Siria, Arabia Saudí e Irán en el centro de una nueva realidad medio-oriental en la que el sectarismo predominará sobre la identidad nacional colectiva promoviendo Estados disfuncionales y comunitarización vs ciudadanía. Un nuevo nacionalismo democrático, representado en los movimientos ciudadanos que se desencadenan intermitentemente desde 2011, representa la única posible esperanza de futuro en esta región

The first Arab generation of decolonization was cohesive around nationalisms as a mobilizing ideology and producing a system of political and social values. Although in the Middle East this process was initially blocked by the European "manufacturing" of so-called "national minorities" and the imposition of states without a collective national project. Nationalism leading independence will create a model of nation-state based on historical legitimacy and the social pact between protective state and society which will generate an authoritarian model of power. Panarabism will be the predominant nationalist ideology since the 1950s by providing a value system that will make its failure visible to the new generation in the 1970s. The breakup between the new generation and the regimes will bring with it the radical decline of the pan-Arab left in favor of Islamism. In addition, a whole series of conflicts and tensions since 2003 will place Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Iran at the center of a new reality in which sectarianism will predominate over collective national identity by promoting dysfunctional states and communitarization vs citizenship. A new democratic nationalism, represented in the citizens' movements that have been intermittently unleashed since 2011, represents the only possible hope for the future in this region

Country
Spain
Keywords

Hirak, panarabismo, Islamismo, :3 - Ciencias sociales::32 - Política [CDU], hirak, Panarabismo, Political theory, sectarismo,, J, Estudios Islámicos, revoluciones árabes, islamismo, sectarismo, Sectarismo, JC11-607, Political science, Revoluciones árabes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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