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Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2020
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Regulación de fenotipo miofibroblástico durante senescencia celular

Authors: López Antona, Irene;

Regulación de fenotipo miofibroblástico durante senescencia celular

Abstract

La senescencia celular es una respuesta celular antiproliferativa que se activa por diversos tipos de estrés o señales fisiológicas. La senescencia celular tiene gran relevancia in vivo, ya que participa en el control del balance celular, a través del bloqueo de la proliferación y la eliminación por el sistema inmune de las células senescentes. La senescencia participa tanto en situaciones fisiológicas como en enfermedades, incluidas regeneración tisular, cáncer, o fibrosis, entre otras. Además, la senescencia está relacionada con otros procesos como plasticidad y diferenciación celular en varios contextos. En esta línea, en esta Tesis Doctoral nos propusimos estudiar el impacto de senescencia en diferenciación de fibroblastos humanos primarios, centrándonos en la diferenciación a miofibroblasto, un tipo celular especializado que participa en procesos como cierre de herida y fibrosis, por su capacidad de producción de matriz extracelular y de contracción. Nuestros resultados indican una pérdida de fenotipo miofibroblástico asociada a diversas formas de senescencia, incluidas la senescencia inducida por oncogenes y por daño en el ADN. La pérdida de fenotipo miofibroblástico se reveló por un descenso en la expresión de marcadores asociados a miofibroblasto como la α-Actina de músculo liso y varios tipos de Colágeno. Asimismo, se observaron cambios en la estructura de la matriz extracelular y en las capacidades de migración e invasión. Experimentos de cocultivo y con medios condicionados nos permitieron observar que este fenotipo se transmite de manera paracrina, a través del fenotipo secretor asociado a senescencia (SASP). En esta línea, un estudio transcriptómico permitió identificar diferentes cinéticas de expresión génica en senescencia paracrina y confirmó la transmisión paracrina del fenotipo. Para abordar el impacto del SASP en la regulación del fenotipo miofibroblástico durante senescencia, realizamos diversas manipulaciones genéticas y farmacológicas de las principales vías de señalización del SASP. Estas manipulaciones revelaron que los cambios en el fenotipo miofibroblástico asociados a senescencia están bajo un sistema regulatorio complejo con participación relevante del SASP temprano fibrogénico y, en concreto, de la señalización de la vía de TGFβ, con implicación de las ramas de TGFβ y BMP. Nuestros resultados demuestran una conexión entre senescencia y diferenciación miofibroblástica que podría ser relevante en la función fisiológica y patológica de los miofibroblastos

Cellular senescence is an antiproliferative response triggered by different types of stress or physiological signals. Cellular senescence is highly relevant in vivo, where it participates in the control of cellular balance, through the blockade of proliferation and immune system-mediated clearance of senescent cells. Senescence takes part both in physiological situations and in disease, including tissue regeneration, cancer and fibrosis, among others. In addition, senescence is related to other biological processes such as stemness and differentiation in various contexts. Hence, in this work, we set to study the impact of senescence on differentiation of human primary fibroblasts, focusing on differentiation to myofibroblasts, contractile and highly fibrogenic fibroblast-like cells with an important role in wound healing and fibrosis. Our results show a loss of myofibroblast phenotype during diverse forms of senescence including oncogene and DNA-damage-induced senescence. The loss of myofibroblast phenotype was assessed by a decrease of expression of myofibroblast-associated markers such as α-Smooth Muscle Actin and Collagens. In addition, we observed changes in the structure of the extracellular matrix and in the migration and invasion ability. The senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) transmits the observed phenotype, as we showed using co-culture and conditioned medium experiments. Interestingly, a dynamic transcriptomic study allowed the identification of kinetic patterns of gene expression during paracrine senescence and confirmed the non-cell-autonomous transmission of this phenotype. Pharmacological and genetic manipulations of the main signaling pathways controlling SASP indicate that the changes in myofibroblast phenotype during senescence are under a complex regulatory system that seems to involve mainly the early fibrogenic SASP, in particular TGFβ pathway with implication of both TGFβ and BMP. Taken together, our results reveal a link between senescence and myofibroblast differentiation that may have implications in the physiological and pathological function of myofibroblast

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica. Fecha de lectura: 17-07-2020

Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 17-01-2022

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Células - Fisiología - Tesis doctorales, Células - Crecimiento - Tesis doctorales, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, Células - Envejecimiento - Tesis doctorales

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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Cancer Research