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Doctoral thesis . 2019
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Efectos de antidepresivos de uso en clínica sobre los receptores nicotínicos neuronales de acetilcolina

Authors: Gameiros Ros, Isabel María;

Efectos de antidepresivos de uso en clínica sobre los receptores nicotínicos neuronales de acetilcolina

Abstract

La complejidad que caracteriza a la fisiopatología de la depresión, la cual no ha sido aún completamente elucidada, ha hecho que a lo largo de los años se hayan postulado diversas teorías para tratar de explicar los mecanismos que subyacen al desarrollo de esta enfermedad. La teoría monoaminérgica, que atribuye los síntomas depresivos a niveles disminuidos de serotonina y noradrenalina, ha sido la predominante durante años, y la brújula que ha guiado el desarrollo de fármacos antidepresivos. Sin embargo, las limitaciones de los tratamientos actuales han desviado el foco de atención hacia teorías alternativas, entre las que destaca la teoría colinérgica, que considera que la depresión está causada por una exacerbación de la neurotransmisión colinérgica con respecto a la noradrenérgica. Esta teoría ha adquirido relevancia debido tanto al creciente número de evidencias científicas que la apoyan, como a la estrecha relación que guarda con otras hipótesis sobre la fisiopatología de la depresión. En base a estos hechos, en esta Tesis Doctoral nos hemos planteado estudiar la potencial capacidad de los antidepresivos duloxetina, sertralina, reboxetina, mirtazapina y moclobemida, usados actualmente en la práctica clínica, para ejercer un efecto antagonista sobre el receptor nicotínico neuronal de acetilcolina (nAChR). Para abordar dicho estudio, hemos empleado como modelo de neurotransmisión y neurosecreción la célula cromafín bovina, y hemos evaluado el efecto de estos cinco antidepresivos sobre procesos subsecuentes a la activación del nAChR en estas células, a saber: la exocitosis de catecolaminas, las señales citosólicas de calcio, y las corrientes nicotínicas. Asimismo, hemos evaluado el efecto de estos fármacos sobre canales iónicos de sodio y de calcio en estas células, y sobre subtipos específicos de nAChR humano, para determinar la selectividad del bloqueo ejercido. Los resultados obtenidos señalan a duloxetina, sertralina y reboxetina como antagonistas de los nAChRs, ya que han bloqueado notablemente los tres eventos celulares mencionados, subsecuentes a la activación de estos receptores en las células cromafines, así como subtipos concretos del nAChR humano. Los contradictorios resultados relativos a mirtazapina no nos permiten afirmar que se trate de un antagonista nicotínico, mientras que moclobemida no ha demostrado ser capaz de bloquear los nAChRs neuronales. Los hallazgos realizados a lo largo de esta Tesis podrían ayudar a arrojar luz sobre las numerosas incógnitas a cerca de la fisiopatología de la depresión, así como a comprender mejor el mecanismo de acción de los fármacos actuales, y a señalar nuevas rutas hacia la generación de antidepresivos más eficaces.

The intricacy that characterizes the physiopathology of depression, a matter that has not been yet fully elucidated, has motivated the postulation of diverse theories aiming to explain the mechanisms underlying the development of the disease. The monoaminergic theory, that considers the lowered levels of serotonin and noradrenaline the cause of depressive symptoms, has been the prevailing one through the years, and the compass guiding the development of antidepressant drugs. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of current treatments have turned the attention towards alternative theories, among which the cholinergic theory of depression outlines. This theory attributes the cause of the disease to a hyperactivity of the cholinergic neurotransmission over the noradrenergic one, and has been gaining relevance due to the increasing volume of evidences that support it, and to its tight relationship with other hypothesis of depression. On the basis of these facts, in this Thesis we have contemplated the study of the potential ability of the antidepressants duloxetine, sertraline, reboxetine, mirtazapine and moclobemide, currently used in clinical practice, to exert an antagonism on the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). We have assessed this study by means of the bovine chromaffin cell as a neurotransmission and neurosecretion model, and we have evaluated the effects of these five drugs on processes that are subsequent to the activation of nAChRs in these cells, such as: catecholamine exocytosis, cytosolic calcium signals, and nicotinic currents. In addition, we have studied the effects of these drugs on sodium and calcium channels in these cells, as well as on specific subtypes of human nAChRs, to determine the selectivity of the blockade exerted. The results indicate that duloxetine, sertraline and reboxetine are neuronal nAChRs antagonists, given that they have notably blocked the three cellular events mentioned, all of them subsequent to nAChR activation in chromaffin cells. Moreover, they have blocked specific subtypes of human nAChRs, showing different selectivity. The contradictory results obtained with mirtazapine do not allow us to state that it is a nicotinic antagonist, while moclobemide has not demonstrated to block neuronal nAChRs. The findings of this Thesis might be helpful in shedding some light on the numerous questions regarding the physiopathology of depression, as well as in the better understanding of the mechanism of action of current drugs, pointing to new pathways towards the development of more effective antidepressants.

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología. Fecha de lectura: 14-06-2019

Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 14-12-2020

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Antidepresivos - Tesis, Medicina, Acetilcolina - Tesis, Farmacia, Receptor nicotínico - Tesis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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