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Biblos-e Archivo
Bachelor thesis . 2018
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Enfermedades cardiovasculares: ictus y género

Authors: García Claros, Valentina;

Enfermedades cardiovasculares: ictus y género

Abstract

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de morbimortalidad en el mundo y en la mujer después de los 65 años, pero todavía no son suficientemente reconocidas ni tratadas. Existen diferencias significativas en su aparición entre géneros que requieren análisis. Por ejemplo, los accidentes cerebrovasculares afectan a un número de mujeres más elevado que de varones, causando más secuelas, discapacidad y disminución de calidad de vida en este género. Objetivos: El objetivo general ha sido conocer las diferencias de género sobre distintos aspectos relacionados con el ictus y discutir el papel de enfermería en su prevención, detección y tratamiento. Específicamente se han analizado las diferencias en: 1) morbimortalidad por ictus, 2) conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo, 3) prevención y tratamiento, 4) el impacto biopsicosocial tras sufrir un ictus, 5) rol de cuidador del cónyuge afectado por el ictus. Metodología: Se realiza una revisión narrativa mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cuiden, Cinahl, PsycInfo y Scielo con ciertos criterios de inclusión y exclusión y usando los términos Ictus, Género, Estilo de vida, Autocuidado, Enfermería, Factores de riesgo, Prevención y control, Atención primaria. Resultados: Se obtienen un total de 139 artículos, de los que se seleccionan 21 para el análisis. Los resultados se agrupan de acuerdo con los objetivos con un apartado adicional sobre generalidades de la mujer e ictus como introducción a este punto. Conclusiones: 1) Mayor morbimortalidad por ictus en mujeres tras la menopausia, posiblemente en relación con su mayor esperanza de vida, 2) las mujeres suelen tener mayor conocimiento sobre el ictus, pero retrasan la asistencia a los servicios de urgencias ante síntomas de alarma, requieren hospitalización más prolongada y sufren mayor discapacidad tras un ictus, 3) el ictus genera más impacto biopsicosocial en las mujeres al no poder ejercer su papel de cuidadoras en la sociedad, 4) los varones con cónyuges afectados por ictus sufren alto estrés pero se encuentran cada vez más involucrados como cuidadores, 5) el papel de enfermería es imprescindible en promoción, prevención, asistencia y rehabilitación de sujetos y familias afectados por un ictus. Se debe educar en la prevención de los factores de riesgo en ambos géneros, crear una conciencia en el género femenino de su particular vulnerabilidad y ayudar en la concienciación como cuidadores de los varones con familiares afectados por ictus.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and in women after 65 years, but they are still not sufficiently recognized or treated. There are significant differences in their appearance between genders that require analysis. For example, strokes affect a higher number of women than men, causing more sequelae, disability and decreased quality of life in this genre. Objectives: The general objective has been to know the gender differences on different aspects related to stroke and to discuss the role of nursing in its prevention, detection and treatment. Specifically, the differences were analyzed in: 1) morbidity and mortality due to stroke, 2) knowledge about risk factors, 3) prevention and treatment, 4) the biopsychosocial impact after suffering a stroke, 5) role of caregiver of the spouse affected by stroke. Methodology: A narrative review is performed through a bibliographic search in Pubmed, Cuiden, Cinahl, PsycInfo and Scielo databases with certain inclusion and exclusion criteria and using the terms Stroke, Gender Identity, Life style, Self care, Nursing, Risk factors, Prevention and control, Primary health care. Results: A total of 139 articles are obtained, of which 21 are selected for the analysis. The results are grouped according to the objectives with an additional section on generalities of women and stroke as an introduction to this point. Conclusions: 1) More morbidity and mortality due to stroke in women after menopause, possibly in relation to their longer life expectancy, 2) women tend to have more knowledge about stroke, but they delay their attendance at emergency services when there are alarm symptoms, they require longer hospitalization and suffer more disability after a stroke, 3) stroke generates more biopsychosocial impact in women when they can not exercise their role of carers in society, 4) men with spouses affected by stroke suffer high stress but are found increasingly involved as caregivers, 5) the role of nursing is essential in promotion, prevention, assistance and rehabilitation of subjects and families affected by a stroke. Nursing should educate in the prevention of risk factors in both genders, create an awareness in the female gender of their particular vulnerability and help in raising awareness as caregivers of men with family members affected by stroke.

Trabajo fin de grado en Enfermería

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Stroke, Risk factors, Gender, Género, Sex, Enfermería, Sexo, Ictus, Factores de riesgo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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